Lesson 8

    Cards (35)

    • Reform: Implies the existence of a defect that something is deformed or malformed and does not suit existing conditions
    • land reform refers to the full range of measures that may or should be taken to improve or remedy that defects in the relation among men with respect to their rights in land.
    • Land reform can be said to refer to a change in the legal or customary institution of property rights and duties, which define the rights of those who own or use agricultural land.
    • Agrarian Reform involves the restructuring of tenure, production and support services structures.
    • Philippine Bill of 1902: Set the ceilings on the hectarage of private individuals and corporations may acquire: 16 has. for private individuals and 1024 has. for corporations
    • Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496): Provided for a comprehensive registration of land titles under the Torrens system.
    • Public Land Act of 1903: Introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.
    • Tenancy Act of 1933: Regulated relationships between landowners and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.
    • President Manuel L. Quezon espoused the "Social Justice" program to arrest the increasing social unrest in Central Luzon.
    • 1935 Constitution: "The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and economic security of all people should be the concern of the state"
    • Commonwealth Act No. 178: Provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant relationships.
    • National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC): Established the price of rice and corn thereby help the poor tenants as well as consumers.
    • Commonwealth Act No.461: Specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and only with the approval of the Tenancy Division of the Department of Justice.
    • Rural Program Administration: Provided the purchase and lease of haciendas and their sale and lease to the tenants.
    • Commonwealth Act No. 441 – Created the National Settlement Administration with a capital stock of P20,000,000.
    • Republic Act No. 34: Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts.
    • Republic Act No. 55: Provided for a more effective safeguard against Arbitrary Ejectment of Tenants
    • President Manuel A. Roxas enacted the following laws:
      • Republic Act No. 34
      • Republic Act No. 55
    • Executive Order No. 355: Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration.
    • Elpidio R. Quirino enacted the following law:
      • Executive Order No. 355
    • Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in Palawan and Mindanao.
    • Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) -- governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system. The law provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
    • Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) -- Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
    • Republic Act No. 821 -- Provided small farmers and share tenants’ loans with low interest rates of six to eight percent.
    • Ramon Magsaysay enacted the following laws:
      • Republic Act No. 1160
      • Republic Act No. 1199
      • Republic Act No. 1400
      • Republic Act No. 821
    • President Carlos P. Garcia: Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.
    • Republic Act No. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code): Abolished share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, provided for an administrative machinery for implementation, institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases, incorporated extension, marketing and supervised credit system of services of farmer beneficiaries.
    • President Diosdado P. Macapagal enacted the following law:
      • Republic Act No. 3844
    • Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 ushered the Period of the New Society. Five days after the proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was proclaimed a land reform area and simultaneously the Agrarian Reform Program was decreed.
    • Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971 -- Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund. It strengthens the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian reform.
    • Presidential Decree No. 2 -- Declared the country under land reform program. It enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and assistance to the DAR. It also activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council.
    • Presidential Decree No. 27, -- Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares.
    • Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project was created to contribute to the overall goal of rural poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas.
    • Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP) provided credit support for crop production to newly organized and existing agrarian reform beneficiaries’ organizations (ARBOs) and farmers’ organizations not qualified to avail themselves of loans under the regular credit windows of banks.
    • The legal case monitoring system (LCMS), a web-based legal system for recording and monitoring various kinds of agrarian cases at the provincial, regional and central offices of the DAR to ensure faster resolution and close monitoring of agrarian related cases, was also launched.
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