changing places

• Longbridge, B'ham


  example of deindustrialisation

  closed in 2014 was open for 100 years

  around 6,000 lost their jobs
• handsworth bham


  meaning and representation

  Caribbean ethnographic

  windrush and government policies in 1950s caused in migration of young caribbean workers

  poet - benjamin zephaniah

  Handsworth riots 2005 - ethnic tension Caribbean and Pakistani
• jewellery quarter, bham


  famous for metal work 1800s

  connections to place - tourism off metal works

  shops and bars - connections to city center(centripetal industry)
• Harborne, bham 


  gentrification - old Victorian houses into modernized housing

  in 10 years house prices increased 35%
• Digbeth, bham


  Irish influence

  Irish migration in the 1880s - dug canals

  made up of Irish pubs and catholic churches
• Bournville, bham


  home of cadbury

  factory originally built for families and lives in the area

  legacy has continued

  high attachment and meaning to the place

  factory moved to the countryside for better living - established and highly populated today
• sparkbrook, bham


  in migration 1960s from pakistan

  Ethnographic is south asian

  emergence of balti triangle - mix of culture and food

  flows of culture and people
• round oak steel works, dudley


  deindustrialization factory closed 1982

  caused unemployment of 1300 people

  merry hill built in its place 1985 - move from secondary industry to tertiary

  new jobs would not benefit those who worked in round oak
• Henley in Arden, Warwickshire


  rural re branding

  commuter village

  population : 2000

  railway services to bham, london and warwick

  connection m40 - challenge traffic, pollution

  players in rebrand : Stratford district council, Johnsons coaches, Warwickshire county council and local players (residents)

  aims to provide 90 homes, fast fiber optic broadband and central connections to town not on the fringe

  rebrand through tourism - Henley Ice Cream Parlor
• Great Tew , oxfordshire - decline

  70 inhabitants in the 1980s

  village in decline

  poor infrastructure

  closure of village shops
• Great Tew, Oxfordshire - regeneration


  rural

  nick Jones open Soho Farmhouse

  Primary school - class size increases

  3/4 of village houses rented - affordable + builds community

  affordable housing means young generation will continue living there

  regeneration helped by expansion of M40

  Connections to bham, london and oxford

  meaning and rep - cricket club, cornbury music festival
• Skylon Park, Hertfordshire

  rural science park

  players - MedDX and Hereford Enterprise Zone

  £1.6m Skylon place development

  MedDX relocates to Skylon place

  helped secure new businesses
• ethnoscape


  cultural landscape constructed by minority ethnic groups where culture is clearly reflected in the way they have remade the place. e.g China town
• Homogenized ethnic neighborhoods are places where segregation is evident
• endogenous factors


  place making factors that originate internally

  where the place is built

  pre-existing demographic and economic characteristics
• exogenous factors 


  place making factors that originate externally

  driven by events, issues or processes
• time-space convergence is the lived experience of places feeling closer due to the annihilation of distance by new transport and communications
• contested places are areas that have many different meanings to different people which makes place management hard
• Place

  set of physical and human features that provide an identity and distinguish them from other places
• human technology and political forces usually have final say about what happens in any one place
• physical geography shapes the characteristics of entire cities
• cultural landscape

  everything experienced in a place, the architecture, infrastructure and demography
• Scarman report

  highlighted the long term need to remake and rebrand inner city places to tackle social problems and the cycle of deprivation to improve community cohesion
• formal place representations


  produced by political, social and cultural agencies
• informal place representation


  produced by individuals or small groups of people
• clark fisher model 


  shows how economic sectors change as a country becomes more developed

  primary - agriculture

  secondary - industry

  tertiary - retailing

  Quaternary - IT
• Kondrative waves 


  describes economic change over time

  4 phases - prosperity, recession, depression and recovery
• The global shift

  key players are multi national and trans national corporations that source materials, make products and supply markets worldwide
• factors that have facilitated the global shift 


  transport

  information and communications

  development towards free trade

  development of technology
• cycle of deprivation

  negative economic, social and environmental changes in any area experiencing stresses such as those associated with deindustrialisation
• negative impacts of clusters

  rural areas left out

  higher living and housing prices

  lack of unskilled jobs

  older generation left out
• constraints in rural employment

  jobs given out through family recommendations

  many workers lack access to transport

  low pay

  shortage of affordable housing
• preserved countryside


  rural areas inhabited by middle class incomers, gentrifies of rural places
• contested countryside


  just beyond rural urban fringe

  farmers still have power but migrants want change
• paternalistic countryside


  power of old estate owners go unchallenged
• rural challenges

  older residents mean more health problems

  poor connections

  poor broadband

  most rural settlements are too small to be regenerated
• urban fringe


  area on the edge of the built up zone
• greenbelts


  areas around cities that are made up of mostly open space which is protected by planning controls to prevent outward urban growth
• functions of greenbelts


  keep cities apart

  contain urban sprawl

  preserve character of towns
• issues of greenbelts


  most of the land is brownfield

  some jobs lost due to prohibited development

  pressure to release greenbelts for housing

  pressure on rural areas isolated beyond greenbelts