Parasitology ca2

• what organ do Arthropods use to breath


  spiracle
• what is the heamocoel


  its a pool blood of dustributed by diffusion which is part of the circulatory system
• what are the 2 types of metamorphosis


  1. complete (holometabolous )

  2. incomplete (hemimetabolous )
• what stages does a complete life cycle consist of

  egg -> larva -> pupa-> adult
• what stages does an incomplete metamorphosis consist of


  egg-> nymph-> adult
• what is each stage in the life cycle called

  an instar
• what controls molting in this Arthropods

  it is under hormonal control
• what is diapause


  a physiological stage of dormancy or arrested development
• what are the 2 sub classes of Arthropods

  Apterygota - typically have no wings and little to no metamorphosis
• pterygota


  has wings
• order hemiptera is also known as

  True bugs
• what are the 2 families of hemiptera

  cimicidea - bed bugs (genus cimex ) c for c

  reduviidae - assassin or kissing bug
• do bed bugs have wings

  no they have no wings
• how many nymph stages do cimex have before becoming an adult

  5 cadult in 8_13 weeks
• medical significance . of bedbugs

  transmit pathogens through faeces ,cause severe anemia in poultry
• other names for arthropods in the reduviidae family


  kissing bug , assassin bug , cone nosed bug reduviid bug
• Predilection site for kissing bugs

  skin
• do kissing bugs have wings


  yes they have wings
• what type of metamorphosis do assasin bugs undergo

  incomplete has 5 instars before turning into adult
• what organism do kissing bugs transmit

  trypanosoma cruzi
• what diseases does trypanosoma cruzi cause

  chaga's disease
• describe what happens in the acute stage of chagas disease

  the bite mark Is called a chagoma

  if it is on the face it's called a Romana sign
• what happens in the chronic stage


  enlarged heart , heart failure, mega esophagus megacolon
• state the phylum that uses gliding as a mode of locomotion

  sporazoa aka apicomplexa
• name one intestinal protozoa of cattle found in the phylum apicomplexa

  eimeria bovis
• what 2 stains are used in protozoa identification

  iodine (faecal parasites)and methaline blue ( faecal cysts and oocysts and blood )

  others include

  giemsa -for blood and fecal tissue

  haematoxylin eosin - stain DNA for blood / histology

  fields- eosin and methylene blue

  acid fast -red /purple

  ziel Nelson- red cyst

  sudan - brown black for lipids

  safranin ornage cyst
• A parasite dwelling inside a host cell for protection from the host's immune system is known as what

  anatomical seclusion
• state the mode of locomotion, phylum and and example of each

  cilia -> ciliophora -> balantidium coli

  pseudopodia ->sarcodina -> entameba

  gliding -> apicomplexa-> plasmodium

  flagella -> mastigophora -> giardia
• what is the name of the motile form of protozoan parasites

  trophozoite
• what is the infective stage of protozoa parasite called

  sporozoite
• state the 3 ways protozoa pararsites reproduce

  asexual ways

  1.binary fission

  2.budding (in blood cells )

  3.merogony (schizogony ) multiple fission of the nucleus
• what protozoa has sexual reproduction and what is this type of reproduction called

  apicomplexa its called gametogony and sporogony (maturation)
• this parasite contains a macro and micronucleus

  balantidium coli
• cause of amoebic dysentery in humans

  entomeba histoyltica
• what test fo you use to diagnose a paprasite when your sample is serum

  ELISA
• what lab test do you use to diagnose a parasite when your sample is blood


  thick or thin smear
• what test do you use when your sample is faeces

  direct feacl smear
• an internal organ is your sample what lab test do you use

  biopsy
• your sample is urine what lab test do you use

  urine sedimentation (centrifuge it )
• state 2 zoonotic parasites

  balantidium coli and giardia