Gene regulation

• gene expression: How a cell turns a gene into a functional protein/RNA
• Gene regulation: How the cell regulates the expression of a gene
• Why is mRNA processing required?

  essential for mRNA to become translatable – ensure mRNAs are not misprocessed, and if they are not translated.
• spliceosome: ribonucleoprotein machine composed U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 which each have one type of snRNA and many types of proteins. Each one of these particles are called snRNPs.
• Basal transcription = minimum transcription mediated by core promoters (all genes will have)
• Regulated transcription = require additional promoters (to upregulate/down regulate)
• what is the compelx involved in mechanical remodelling of chromatin?

  SWI/SNF
• Epigenetic inheritance: transmit genes but also the functional state of the gene (e.g. repression/activation is conserved)
• UTRSs mRNAs have extensions at both 5’ and 3’ ends (that are non-coding sequences)  called UTRs (untranslated regions) that have regulatory functions
• translatability of mRNAs is the amount of protein produced per molecule or mRNA