Purposive comm

• Communication


  The process of exchanging ideas, views and emotions of the participants
• Communication


  • It has interaction among the participants
• Modern definition of communication

  The exchange of thoughts, feelings, expressions and observations among people. The transmission of messages verbally, non-verbally, visually, and electronically. The message has a content to be defined by the receiver of the message.
• Components of communication process

  • Source
  • Message
  • Channel
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Environment
  • Context
  • Interference/Barrier
• Sender


  The speaker who conveys the message, oral or written. The goal of the sender is to not only to send the message but also to make sure the message is used in a communication.
• Receiver


  The listener, the one who listens and decodes the conveyed message. The receiver should filter the message based in his/her knowledge and experiences.
• Message


  The information, ideas or even feelings to be transmitted in the communication process. The message should be clear, courteous, and concise.
• Feedback


  The verbal or non-verbal response of the receiver. The feedback should promote goodness and not a constructive criticism.
• Functions of communication


  • To inform
  • To persuade
  • To entertain
  • To share
• Stages in communication process

  1. Stimulus

  2. Ideation

  3. Encoding

  4. Transmission

  5. Reception

  6. Decoding

  7. Understanding

  8. Action
• Types of communication according to style

  • Formal communication
  • Informal communication
• Formal communication


  Employs formal language delivered orally or in written form. Its main objectives are to inform, to entertain, and to persuade.
• Informal communication


  Does not employ formal language. It involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or acquaintances. Its purposes are to socialize and to enhance relationship.
• Communication interference/barriers


  • Physical barrier
  • Semantic barrier
  • Psychosocial barrier
  • Psychological barrier
  • Cultural barrier
  • Mechanical barrier
  • Language barrier
  • Organizational barrier
• Physical barrier


  Structural obstructions in both humanmade and natural environment that block effective communication so that messages cannot be sent from the sender to the receiver.
• Semantic barrier


  Misunderstanding between the sender and receiver arising due to the different meanings of words, and other symbols used in the communication.
• Psychosocial barrier


  Influences the communicators' attitude toward each other, thus limiting their ability to communicate effectively. It may arise from the differences in social background, upbringing, professional status, interest, and experiences.
• Psychological barrier


  Barrier that arises from the emotional state of the communicator.
• Cultural barrier


  Different people have various customs, rituals, beliefs, ideas, arts, knowledge, values, morals and ideals that are learned in a group of the same nationality, religion or ethnicity which makes the communication challenging in living in a globally connected world.
• Mechanical barrier


  Caused by a conflict in the machinery or instruments used to convey the message.
• Language barrier


  People speaking different languages may not understand one another in communication.
• Organizational barrier


  Barrier inside the organization where an individual is working.
• Principles of effective communication

  • Clear
  • Concrete
  • Courteous
  • Correct
  • Considerate
  • Creative
  • Concise
  • Culture Sensitive
  • Captivating
• Forms of communication in 21st century

  • Verbal
  • Non-verbal
  • Visual
  • Intrapersonal
  • Interpersonal
  • Extended/Electronics
  • Written
  • Organizational
  • Mass communication
  • Academic
• Forms of nonverbal communication

  • Kinesics
  • Proxemics
  • Chronemics
  • Haptics
  • Olfactics
  • Artefactual
  • Physical appearance
  • Paralinguistic
• Kinesics


  Language of the body
• Haptics


  Language of the touch
• Proxemics


  Language of space
• Olfactics


  Language of smell
• Chronemics


  Language of time
• Artefactual


  Language of objects
• Physical appearance


  Language of looks
• Nonverbal paralinguistic elements


  • Voice quality
  • Pitch
  • Tempo
  • Volume
  • Juncture
• Voice quality


  Refers to the pleasant or unpleasant a person's voice sounds.
• Pitch


  The highness or lowness of the tone.
• Tempo


  Refers on how slow or fast one speaks.
• Volume


  Points to the force of the voice or how loud or soft it goes.
• Juncture


  The pauses or breaks applied between thought units or at the end of utterances.
• Principles of effective written communication

  • Clear
  • Concise
  • Concrete
  • Correct
  • Coherent
  • Complete
  • Courteous
• Ethical considerations in communication

  • Establish a value system for the organization's welfare
  • Complete and accurate information
  • Disclosing vital information
  • Sincerity in telling the truth in work, no corruption and lies
  • Have diplomatic strategies
  • Solve communication barriers