Mid sem exam
Cards (222)
- DNA that encodes information for proteins is within the ________
- What makes up the transcription complex that transcribes DNA?
- Transcriptional complexes transcribe DNA into _______
- ________________ machinery reads mRNA after it has been shuttled into the cytoplasm
- Where are ribosomes formed?
- ______________ make up the translational machinery that reads mRNA
- The amino acid chain that forms the protein is the _____________ structure of a protein
- Alpha helices or beta helices structures are examples of ______________ protein structures
- Structural __________ are formed by combinations of secondary structures.
- A fully folded single protein is in its _______________ structure
- Proteins often interact with one another to form _______________
- Two proteins that come together to form a dimer, homo-dimer, trimer or heteroligamers are examples of proteins in their _________________ structure
- Forming quaternary structures allows proteins to enhance ____________ or stability
- The ___________ structure of viral hemaglutinin occurs when _____ individual trimers connect to improve function and stability of the viral protein structure
- What unit of measurement are individual proteins usually measured in?
- What unit of measurement are individual protein complexes or machines usually measured in?
- S units represent ___________ units and is a non-linear measurement of proteins that measures the rate of sedimentation
- Macromolecular complexes are typically ____ to ____nm in size
- How many components make up a ribosome?
- A dimer is made up of ____ protein sub units
- Assembly around a ___________ sub unit is a type of protein assembly that is involved in trimer, dimer formation
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes form using the mode of assembly in which _____________ sub complexes form prior to full assembly
- The different sub-unit components of quaternary proteins each have a different ________ to play. These roles include target recognition or binding, linkers, scaffolding, biomechanical, catalytic/enzymatic or regulatory functions.
- A single protein can have multiple ___________ within them. This is because each __________ has a different role or function.
- What is the benefit of multi-molecular sub-unit complexes?
- Multi sub-unit complexes facilitate ________ within a system
- Where is the energy contained in ATP?
- Energy is released from ATP when the terminal phosphate bond is _________
- Post-translational modifications are COVALENT modifications that alter proteins through either __________________ or _______________ of the protein
- In a PTM phosphorylation involves the _________ of a ____________ to amino acids: tyrosine, serine, threonine or histidine residues that are catalyzed by ___________
- In a PTM ubiquitination involves the _________ of a ____________ to amino __________ residues
- Glycolysation is an example of a ________
- Allosteric regulation is a change in protein structure/function that is due to a ___________________ binding by a ___________
- Calmodulin and Ca2+ binding is an example of ____________ regulation that opens up a catalytic site on a kinase to allow phosphorylation to occur.
- GTPase switch is an example of ____________________
- What turns ON the GTPase switch to increase enzyme activity, and activate signal transduction by catalyzing the exchange from G-protein-bound GDP to GTP?
- What turns off the GTPase signalling switch by inducing GTP hydrolysis?
- Spatial localization/segregation/compartmentalization is form of ___________ of the cell.
- What are the two sides of the membrane termed? Side facing into the cell cytoplasm is called the _____________ face and the side of the membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm is the ____________ face.
- The nucleus and mitochondria are organelles that have a _________ membrane