pt6

• Alvar Aalto


  Finnish architect, known as the father of modern Scandinavian design, famous for his furniture and glassware, his works are modernist and functional yet classically-inspired
• Alvar Aalto


  • Received international acclaim with the completion of the Paimio Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Paimio, Finland
• Paimio Sanatorium


  Former tuberculosis sanatorium in Paimio, Finland, established Aalto's dominance of the International style and emphasized his attention to the human side of design
• Nordic Classicism


  Architectural movement used to describe some of Alvar Aalto's work, combining sleek lines with richly textured natural materials
• Le Corbusier


  Swiss-born French architect and city planner, a pioneer of modern architecture and major proponent of the Bauhaus movement and the International Style
• Villa Savoye


  • Incorporates the five tenets of Le Corbusier's architecture: the piloti, the independence of the structural frame from the external skin, the free plan of the interior accommodation, the free elevation, and the roof garden
• Unité d'Habitation

  A modernist residential housing design principle, one of Le Corbusier's most famous works, proved influential and is often cited as the initial inspiration of the Brutalist architectural style
• Notre Dame du Haut


  Also known as Ronchamp, an Expressionist Modern Style building, the structural design of the roof was inspired by the engineering of airfoils
• Antonio Gaudí


  Barcelona-based Spanish architect whose free-flowing works were greatly influenced by nature, characterized by freedom of form, voluptuous colour and texture, and organic unity
• Sagrada Família


  Unfinished construction project in Barcelona, Spain, which occupied much of Gaudí's career
• Walter Gropius


  German architect and art educator, founder of the Bauhaus school of design, which became a dominant force in architecture and the applied arts in the 20th century
• Bauhaus school


  • Pioneered a functional, severely simple architectural style, featuring the elimination of surface decoration and extensive use of glass
• Louis Isadore Kahn

  American architect based in Philadelphia, one of the most influential architects of the mid-twentieth century, known for his visionary architecture, expert manipulation of form and light, and creation of uniquely dramatic buildings
• Kahn's architecture

  • Notable for its simple, platonic forms and compositions, using brick and poured-in place concrete masonry to develop a contemporary and monumental architecture that maintained a sympathy for the site
• Adolf Loos

  Austrian and Czechoslovak architect, influential in European Modern architecture, known for his essay "Ornament and Crime" which abandoned the aesthetic principles of the Vienna Secession
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe


  German-born architect and educator, widely acknowledged as one of the 20th century's greatest architects, helped define modern architecture by emphasizing open space and revealing the industrial materials used in construction
• Mies van der Rohe's architecture


  • Referred to as "skin and bones" architecture, sought a rational approach to guide the creative process, concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era
• Mies van der Rohe's works

  • Friedrichstraße skyscraper (1921, 1922)
  • The Seagram Building (New York City)
  • Farnsworth House (America)
• Aldo Rossi

  Italian architect and designer, known for his writings, drawings, paintings, and designs for furniture and other objects, advocated the use of a limited range of building types and concern for the context in which a building is constructed
• Aldo Rossi's approach

  • Represents a reinvigoration of austere classicism, known as neo-rationalism, which focused on the city as a meaning of collective life, history, and reality instead of from a functional aspect
• Aldo Rossi's works

  • Teatro del Mondo (1979)
• Carlo Scarpa


  Italian architect, influenced by the materials, landscape, and the history of Venetian culture, and Japan, known as a 20th-century master of architecture, virtuoso of light, master of detail, and connoisseur of materials
• Carlo Scarpa's works


  • Restoration and renovation of the School of Economics at the University of Venice, in the Ca Foscari (1935)
• James Stirling


  British architect, generally acknowledged to be one of the most important and influential architects of the second half of the 20th century, known for an experimental design approach that shows little commitment to one particular style
• James Stirling's works

  • Cambridge University: Faculty of History (1968)
  • Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, Germany
• Louis Henry Sullivan


  American architect, called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism", considered the creator of the modern skyscraper, an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and inspiration to the Prairie School
• Louis Henry Sullivan's design approach

  • "Form follows function"
• Louis Henry Sullivan's works

  • Prudential Building, also known as the Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York (1894)
• Christopher Wren


  One of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history
• Form follows function


  An overriding precept to architectural design promoted by a notable 19th-century architect of skyscrapers
• Prudential Building/Guaranty Building


  • Designed by Sullivan
  • Based on "form follows function"
  • Divided into 4 zones: basement, ground floor, office floors, terminating zone
• Wren was responsible for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral
• Wren was a notable anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as an architect
• Frank Lloyd Wright


  • American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator
  • Designed over 1,000 structures, 532 completed
  • Believed in designing structures in harmony with humanity and environment (organic architecture)
  • Leader of the Prairie School movement
  • Developed the concept of the Usonian home
• Frank Lloyd Wright designs

  • Fallingwater
  • Robie House
• Tadao Ando


  • Japanese self-taught architect
  • Architectural style creates a "haiku" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space
  • Favors complex spatial circulation while maintaining simplicity
  • Influenced by Japanese culture and Zen philosophy
  • Uses concrete to represent simplicity and weightlessness
• Gottfried Böhm


  • German architect
  • Only German architect to be awarded the Pritzker Prize
  • Creates "connections" between past and future, ideas and physical world, building and urban surroundings
  • Uses molded concrete, steel, and glass in his buildings
• Gottfried Böhm buildings

  • St. Columba Church
  • Pilgrimage Church
  • Christi Auferstehung Church
  • Bensburg Town Hall
  • Deutsche Bank building
• Mario Botta


  • Swiss architect
  • Considered a fundamental contributor to postmodern classicism
  • Sensitive to regional vernacular and building's relationship to the land
  • Designed the Bechtler Museum of Modern Art and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
• Mario Botta designs

  • Bechtler Museum of Modern Art
  • San Francisco Museum of Modern Art