Abnormalities of Mouth

• Aphthous stomatitis (Canker ulcer) - painful small ulcers which does not occur on lip surface; non contagious 


  
• Gingivitis - red swollen gum that easily bleeds

  
• Periodontitis (Receding gums) - Gum tissue surrounding tooth pulls back, exposing more of tooth or root of tooth

  
• Kaposi sarcoma lesion - advanced lesion seen in HIV

  
• Candida albicans infection (thrush) - curd-like patches easily scrape off, leaving a reddened area

  
• Leukoplakia (Ventral surface) - thick raised patch does not scrape off; seen in heavy tobacco or alcohol use

  
• Hairy leukoplakia (Lateral surface) - Affects the lateral surface of the tongue and causes white lesions, or patches, on the tongue

  
• Cheilosis of lips - scaling painful fissures at corner of lips

  
• Black hairy tongue - not hair, but elongated filiform papillae seen with the use of antibiotics that inhibit normal bacteria

  
• Vitamin B12 deficiency - smooth, reddish tongue without papillae

  
• Carcinoma of lip - round, indurated lesion become crusted and ulcerated with elevated border

  
• Carcinoma of tongue - round indurated lesion becomes crusty and ulcerated with elevated border

  
• Acute tonsilitis - secondary to infectious mononucleosis

  
• Supernumerary Teeth

  
• Peg lateral

  
• Koplik's Spot - early signs for measles

  
• Hyperplasia

  
• blue-black line

  
• tongue-tie (Ankyloglossia)

  
• Torus Palatinus - bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate

  
• Chapped lips

  
• Cracked lips

  
• Swelled lips

  
• Discolored lips

  
• Burning lips

  
• Rosy pink lips

  
• Oropharyngeal dysphagia - difficulty initiating swallowing
• Esophageal dysphagia - difficulty passing food down the esophagus
• Functional dysphagia - sensation of difficulty swallowing not associated with anatomic abnormalities or injury
• Neuromuscular symptom complex - experiences gradually progressive difficulty in swallowing solid food and liquids due to neurodegenerative, motor neuron disease, or damage to the central nervous system
• Benign leukoedema

  
• Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
• Odynophagia - painful swallowing
• Hoarseness - condition marked by changes in the pitch or quality of the voice, which may sound weak, scratchy or husky.
• Tonsil, grade 1 - are hidden within the pillars
• Tonsil, grade 2 - extend to the pillars

  
• Tonsil, grade 3 - extend beyond the pillars but not touching one another

  
• Tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of tonsils
• Tonsils, grade 4 - extend to the midline

  
• Anorectal fistula – a small round opening in the skin that surrounds the anal opening.