Simple molecular substances

• Made up of molecules containing atoms joined together by covalent bonds
• • Hydrogen, H2

  Hydrogen atoms have just one electron, so they often form single covalent bonds with other hydrogens
• • Chlorine, CL2

  Each chlorine atom only needs one atom to complete the outer shell, so two Chlorine atoms share a pair or electrons
• • Oxygen, O2

  Each oxygen atom needs two more elections, so in oxygen gas, two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons with eachother making a double covalent bond
• • Nitrogen, N2

  Nitrogen atoms need three more electrons so two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons, Creating a triple bond
• • Methane CH4

  carbon has four onter electrons So it forms four covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms to fill up its outer shell
• • Water, H20

  in water molecules, the oxygen shares a pair of electrons with two Hydrogen atoms to form two single covalent bones
• • Hydrogen Chloride, HCL

  Both only need one more electron
• properties:

  • very Strong bonds but weak intermolecular forces
  • melting and boiling points very low as to Melt and boil you don't need to break bonds just inter molecular forces
  • most are gases or liquids
  • Don't conduct electricity as they aren't Charged and have no ions