NS003

• ATOM


  The basic unit of matter
• CHEMISTRY


  Study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
• MASS


  The amount of matter contained in an object
• MATTER


  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• MOLECULES


  The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound
• PROPERTY


  An attribute, quality, or characteristic of something
• KINETIC

  Relating to motion
• PHASE


  A component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state. Matter can exist in the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases

  
• Volume


  A measure of the amount of space occupied by an object. Can be measured directly with equipment designed using graduations marks or indirectly using length measurements depending on the state (gas, liquid, or solid) of the material
• MATTER is anything that occupies space and has mass. Every single thing, visible or not is MATTER. Each piece of matter is made up of tiny molecules, that are in constant motion. In turn, molecules are built of even smaller particles called ATOMS
• Atoms may be described as the structural units of matter. Matter is constantly changing. Ice in your soda melts, glass breaks, paper is ripped
• States of Matter

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas

  
• Solids


  • They have definite mass, volume and shape
  • Intermolecular distances are short
  • Intermolecular forces are strong
  • They are incompressible and rigid
  • Movements of particles are very slow
• Liquids


  • They have definite volume
  • They do not have a definite shape. They take the shape of the container
  • Intermolecular forces are strong
  • The atoms and molecules in liquids are close together, but have plenty of room to slide around
  • They are not easily compressible, there are little free space between particles
  • They expand once heated
• Gases


  • They assume the volume and shape of their container
  • Individual molecules are always in motion and are free to move
  • They fill all the space available to them
  • They are the most compressible state of matter
  • They flow much easier than liquids or solids
  • Gases are thermally expandable
• Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas. The change in state can be brought by the effect of heat or a change in temperature

  
• Changes of Phase

  • Freezing
  • Melting
  • Condensation
  • Evaporation
  • Sublimation
  • Deposition
• Adding energy to matter


  Causes a physical change, matter moves from one state to another
• Taking away energy


  Causes physical change, such as when liquid water becomes ice/ a solid when heat is removed
• Physical change also can be caused by motion and pressure
• Physical Change


  When a substance undergoes a physical change, its composition remains the same despite its molecules being rearranged. Physical changes do not change the nature of the substance. Physical change affects only physical properties i.e. shape, size, etc.
• In a physical change, no new substance is formed
• Chemical Change


  When a substance undergoes a chemical change, its molecular composition is changed entirely. Thus, chemical changes involve the formation of new substances. A chemical change is a permanent change. Chemical change both physical and chemical properties of the substance including its composition
• Chemical Change

  • Formation of gas bubbles
  • Formation of a precipitate
  • Rotting
  • Burning
  • Cooking
  • Digestion of food
  • Rusting
• A chemical change is always accompanied by one or more new substance(s)
• Pure Substance


  A type of mixture that has a fixed composition and a definite set of properties. It has a constant boiling point and a sharp melting point
• Mixture


  A type of matter with no definite properties. It is made up of two or more kinds of substances, each of which retains its own characteristic properties
• Homogeneous


  A chemical system that is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout a given sample
• Heterogeneous


  A chemical system where the components separate into distinct regions such as the composition and physical properties vary from one part of the system to another
• When a mixture is formed, no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture has the properties of its component parts of substances. A mixture can be easily separated by physical means, without involving chemical reactions. The components in a mixture are mixed together without any fixed proportion
• Elements


  Made up of only one kind of atom. Substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into simple substances
• The table in which the symbol for each element is enclosed in a box is called PERIODIC TABLE. In the periodic table the elements are arranged in vertical columns so that closely related
• Chemical Symbol


  Each element is assigned a symbol, usually formed from one or two letters of the English name for the element. The first letter is always capitalized
• Some symbols are derived from the Latin or Greek names of the element
• Compounds


  A substance consisting of the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion. Cannot be separated into other substances by physical methods
• Organic Compounds


  Also called carbon compounds, substances that contain carbon. Except carbonates, carbides, cyanides, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The carbon compounds being referred to are those that usually come from living matter and their remains
• Inorganic Compounds


  Compounds that do not contain carbon and are usually found outside the bodies of living organisms and their remains
• Physical Properties


  Characteristics of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material. Can be observed or measured without changing the fixed composition of a substance. Enable us to distinguish substances from one another. Include color, taste, odor, hardness, melting point and boiling point
• Intensive Properties

  • Color
  • Odor
  • Luster
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Hardness
  • Conductivity
  • Melting Point
  • Boiling Point
  • Density
• Extensive Properties

  • Mass
  • Weight
  • Volume
  • Length