skill acquisition

• the difficulty continuum includes simple and complex skills
• the enviromental factors continuum includes open and closed skills
• the pacing continuum says a skill can be internally or externally paced
• the muscular involvement continuum involves gross or fine skills
• the continuity continuum involves discrete, serial and continous skills
• the organisation continuum puts skills between high and low
• something is a complex skill if it is technically difficult and involves many decisions like catching a cricket ball at slip
• a skill is externally paced if an external stimuli starts the movement or skill like recieving a serve
• a skill is discrete because it has an end like a penalty
• a skill is serial if it has a few sub routines like a triple jump
• a skill is continous if it does not end like cycling
• a skill is high organisation if its sub routines cant be split up like dribbling
• an advantage of whole practice is it can develop kinesthesis
• a disadvantage of whole practice is that it can be demotivating for a cognitive learner
• an advantage of part practice is that it is good for building confidence
• a disadvantage of part practice is it requires lots of info processing
• intervening variables are part of the cognitive theory of learning they are the mental processes that happen between the stimulus and the response
• insight learning is a type of learning that involves problem solving using previous experiences
• a cognitive learner will use lots of trial and error as no kinesthesis exists
• an associative learner will see a reduction in trial and error
• an autonomous learners movements will be fluent, accurate and automatic
• one advantage of verbal guidance is it uses questioning techniques another is that it can be quick
• a disadvantage of verbal guidance is info overload for cognitive learners and its not great by itself
• one advantage of visual guidance is that it helps create a mental image and is good for beginners
• a disadvantage of visual guidance is that the demo could be unclear or too quick to process
• one advantage of mechanical guidance is that it helps increase confidence it can also reduce fear
• a disadvantage of mechanical guidance is performer could become over reliant another can lead to false sense of kinesthesis
• advantage of manual guidance boosts confidence another is promote kinesthesis
• disadvantage of manual guidance is that performer could become over reliant or feel uncomfortable
• a coach can give effective feedback by making it short, immediate and have meaning to individual
• negative transfer happens when a performer is confused or if the practice conditions are different to game situation
• you can optimise positive transfer by making practice game related, teaching similar skills together or use positive reinforcement when it occurs
• thorndike's laws include: law of exercise, law of readiness and law of effect
• in the levels of processing model info must be deeply processed and have meaning to be remembered
• the structural level of the LOP model is when a person pays attention to what words look like
• the phonetic level of the LOP model is when a person focuses on how the word sounds
• the sematic level of the LOP model is when a person considers the actual meaning of the info this is when info is truly remembered
• enviromental skills are

  open and closed
• in the pacing continuum skills are

  external or internally paced
• continuity continuum includes

  discrete, serial and continous