sports psychology

• a type A personality is a person who is highly motivated likes control and competition and gets stressed
• a type B personality is a person who works slow, lack desire to succeed and is relaxed
• a person with a stable personality is predictable and is consistent with levels of competitiveness
• a person with an unstable personality is unpredictable and aggression levels vary
• an introvert does not require external stimulation and is good at concentrating
• an extrovert requires external stimuli and seeks social interaction
• an attitude is a predisposition to act in a particular way towards something or someone
• the triadic model is how attitudes are expressed
• the triadic model includes beliefs, emotions and behaviour
• the three factors that affect changing attitudes are the person doing the persuading, the quality of the message and the characteristics of person being persuaded
• cognitive dissonance is when a person attitudes are not stable because the triadic model is not consistent this causes discomfort
• when the conflict during cognitive dissonance us resolved a person will change their attitudes
• motivation is the drive to learn and be successful
• arousal is the intensity of our emotion, motivation and behaviour and our desire to achieve
• drive theory suggests the relationship between arousal and performance is linear
• an advantage of drive theory is it is simple and the dominant response does lead to increase in quality
• a disadvantage of drive theory is too simple and doesnt explain decline in performance due too high levels of arousal
• inverted u theory suggests there is an optimum level of arousal which if gone over can lead to decrease in performance
• advantage of inverted u theory is allows for optimum point and is simple to understand
• disadvantage of inverted u theory is says there is no recovery after past optimum point
• catastrophe theory suggests that as somatic (physical) levels of arousal increase performance increases as well
• the catastrophe theory suggests if cognitive (mind) levels of arousal are high performance will decrease
• after the catastrophe if performer can refocus performance can improve again
• anxiety is the negative emotional state of experiencing stress caused by worry or fear of failing
• state anxiety is anxiety within a situation
• trait anxiety is when a person feels anxious in most situations
• the zone of optimum functioning is when an athletes arousal and anxiety levels are at optimum levels leading to increased performance
• social facilitation is when the prescence of an audience causes an increase in performance
• social inhibition is when the prescence of an audience negatively impacts performance
• evaluation apprehension is when arousal or anxiety levels increase because the athletes perceives judgement from an audience member
• the three factors that affect social facilitation are the home field affect, proximity effect and the distraction conflict theory
• the frustration aggression hypothesis states that frustration always leads to aggression
• social learning theory suggests aggression is a learned response
• instinct theory suggests aggression is innate and needed for well-being
• the aggressive cue hypothesis says frustration leads to increase in arousal which leads to readiness to aggression
• aggressive cues could be people, place, nature of event or percieved unfairness
• effective feedback must be

  short, immediate and have meaning
• what is social inhibition

  Prescence of an audience negatively impacts athlete
• team cohesion is the degree to which team members work together to achieve the goals of the group
• the 4 stages of group dynamics: forming, storming, norming, performing