Nervous system

• What makes up the central nervous system?

  The brain and the spinal cord
• What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

  The autonomic (involuntary) system and the somatic (voluntary) system
• What makes up the autonomic nervous system?

  The sympathetic (increases energy) system and the parasympathetic (conserves energy) system
• What are the 3 types of neurons?

  1. Sensory - senses information
  2. Relay - connects CNS together
  3. Motor - reflex action
• What does the cell body of a neuron include?

  The nucleus
• What protrudes from the cell body?

  Dendrites
• What carries impulses away from the cell body?

  Axons
• What is the axon covered by to protect it and speed up transmission?

  Myelin sheath
• What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

  Nodes of Ranvier
• What is at the end of an axon?

  Terminal buttons that communicate with the next neuron in the synapse
• What charge does a neuron have at resting state?

  Negative
• When a neuron becomes positively charged what happens?

  It causes an action potential that creates an electrical impulse down the axon
• What is the name of the site that takes up the neurotransmitter?

  Post-synaptic receptor site
• What is it called when a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the post-synaptic neuron?

  Excitation
• What does excitation do?

  Increases the likelihood that the neuron will pass on the impulse
• What is it called when a neurotransmitter increases the negative charge of the post-synaptic neuron?

  Inhibition
• What does inhibition do?

  Decreases the likelihood that the neuron will pass on the impulse