Covalent Bonding

• Formation of metal ions

  Atoms lose outer electrons
• Metals


  Elements that form positive ions
• Formation of non-metal ions

  Atoms gain electrons
• Charge on non-metal ions

  negative
• Group 1 ions charge

  +1

  
• Group 2 ions charge

  +2

  
• Group 6 ions charge

  -2

  
• Group 7 ions charge

  -1

  
• Electron structure of ions


  Same as the nearest noble gas

  
• Giant structure


  A huge 3D network of atoms or ions
• lattice


  Regular arrangement of particles.

  
• Examples of Ionic compounds


  NaCl, MgO
• Ionic formula


  the simplest whole number ratio of the ions in a giant ionic lattice
• Giant ionic lattice


  A huge 3D regular structure held together by the electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative ions

  
• Electrostatic forces of attraction

  The attractive force between oppositely charged particles.

  
• Anion


  A negatively charged ion
• Cation


  A positively charged ion
• Elements in an ionic compound

  Metals and a non-metal