Topic 1

• As the population increased....


  The number of crimes increased
• What where peoples views influenced by?


  fear
• The Motor Car disadvantges

  • biggest category of crime
  • drunk driving, speeding, careless driving
  • 1.3 million crimes in 1996
• Computers

  • old crimes = fraud, theft, pornography
  • new crimes = hacking to gain secret information, sending viruses to disrupt trade
• The motor car advanatges

  • provides quick transport for police
  • motor car allowed helicopters to use infra-red
  • effective in car chases
• Communication

  • radio helped to catch Dr Crippen (acid-bath murderer) in 1910
  • allowed police officers to call for help
  • now could use two-way radio
• Computer disadvantages

  • an improved record keeping then written records
  • easier to compare data to reveal common features
• New developments

  • security cameras and CCTV increased
  • Increased weaponary for police
• Crime prevention

  • CCTV
  • Burglar alarms
  • Education and re-education programmes
  • neighbourhood watch schemes
• Crime prevention seen as cheaper
• Changes to policing

  • more expensive
  • more specialised + numerous departments
  • greater use of technology and training
• Policing more professional
• What were the main types of crimes that were the concern?

  • Treason
  • Heresy
  • Vagabondage
  • Witchcraft
  • Poaching
  • Smuggling
• Treason

  • Attempting to overthrow the monarch- Those involved interrogated and most likely tortured- Tried in a special court of the star Chamber - no jury- two types of execution: Aristocrats were beheaded with an axe, other people were hung, drawn and quartered.
• Vagabondage 


  -Vagabonds were beggars, tramps and vagrants who wandered the country without a settled job

  - This was a problem because; lots of discharged soldiers after War of Roses; bad harvest; vagabonds seen as lazy which went against protestant ideal; villagers only help those born in the village so travellers were moved on.
• Witchcraft


  People feared witchcraft because:

  • It was a period of religious change (Protestant v. Catholic) Anyone who rebelled against the monarch religion were convicted of Treason and Heresy, which were punishable by death
  • Bad luck was blamed on witches (scapegoats)
  • Witchfinders
  • Role of Gov. - Henry VIII made witchcraft a serious crime, James I wrote the book "Daemonologie" (this had a big impact)
• Poaching

  • Illegal hunting
  • Law against poaching was unpopular
  • Only rich landowners, whose land was worth £100 a year, were allowed to hunt on any land
  • The Black Act made poaching deer, rabbits and hares a capital crime and punishable by death.