Endocrine

• Exophthalmos


  • Swollen eyes because of change in osmolality and immunity behind eyes
• Thyroid storm


  • Significant release of catecholamines and T3 and T4
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases BMR which makes it harder for people to keep weight on
• Hyperthyroidism


  Has positive chronotropy and inotropy effects on the heart
• Hyperthyroidism


  Weakens bones by increasing osteoclast activity
• Hyperthyroidism


  Induces growth in the muscles
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases blood flow to the skin and subsequently increases growth
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases the risk of HF and HTN due to the effects of T3 and T4 on the heart
• Thyroid storm


  Occurs in response to stressors
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases the LDL receptor expression from the liver
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases the breakdown of adipose tissue
• Hyperthyroidism


  Increases GI activity
• Goiter


  • Symptom of both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid
• Myxedema


  • Dough like non-pitting edema which is symptom of prolonged and severe hypothyroidism due to severe or prolonged thyroid deficiency
• Myxedema coma


  • Inability to compensate for hypothyroidism during stress that leads to altered LOA/LOC
• Hypothyroidism


  Decreases BMR
• Hypothyroidism


  Causes bradycardia
• Hypothyroidism


  Decreases vasculature elasticity
• Hypothyroidism


  Causes decreased growth of the bone system
• Hypothyroidism


  Causes depression due to decreased brain activity
• Hypothyroidism


  Causes decreased healing and weakness in muscles
• Hypothyroidism


  Decreases hair and general growth in the integumentary system
• Hypothyroidism


  Increases LDL and may lead to weight gain
• Hypothyroidism


  Decreases lipolysis which causes weight gain
• Hypothyroidism


  Decreases the overall activity of the digestive system
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Causes HTN due to increased SNS stimulation, NIDDM due to cortisol increasing BGL, frequent infection due to cortisol down regulating immune system and slow healing, OP and increased fractures
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Causes hypertension because cortisol causes increased Na reabsorption and increases vascular sensitivity to catecholamines and angiotensin 2
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Can precipitate the pathogenesis of diabetes because the increased cortisol levels lead to increase BGL
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Causes increased infections because increased cortisol down regulates the bodyʼs immune response
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Causes osteoporosis and increased fractures because cortisol increases bone resorption and decreases bone formation and also decrease intestinal calcium uptake and increases urinary calcium excretion
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Often presents with stretch marks
• Cushingʼs syndrome


  Has a decreased activity effect on the reproductive system
• Addisonʼs disease


  • Primary cause of adrenal insufficiency which leads to low levels of cortisol and androgens and usually occurs due to autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
• Adrenal crisis


  • Massive life threatening inability to compensate for stressors due to adrenal insufficiency that can be triggered by stressors like infection, trauma, and surgery in people with underlying adrenal insufficiency
• Addisonʼs disease


  Has effects of bradycardia, decreased CO, and orthostatic hypotension on the CVS because of chronically low levels of cortisol and aldosterone which can lead to decreased CO and K retention and Na excretion leading to hypotension
• Addisonʼs disease


  Has the effect of polyuria in the urinary system because increased ACTH causes high ADH
• Addisonʼs disease


  Has the effect of hyperpigmentation on skin because the increased ACTH stimulates melanocytes to create more melanin
• Addisonʼs disease


  Increases fever and fatigue because there is not enough cortisol to control inflammation
• Addisonʼs disease


  Can cause hypoglycemia due to the lack of cortisol to increase BGL
• Addisonʼs disease


  Can cause NVD as potential GI symptoms