Cards (13)

  • what does the type of mass movement that occurs depend on?
    the angle of the slope/cliff
    the rocks lithology and geology
    the vegetation cover on the cliff face
    the saturation on the ground/previous weather patterns
  • what are the 2 different categories of mass movement?
    a slide and a flow
    for a slide: sediment keeps its same place within the whole material, simply moves downhill
    for a flow: all the material flows down and mixes
  • what are flows?
    soil creep
    soilfluction
    mudflows
  • what are slides?

    rock falls
    rock slides
    slumps
  • what is soilfluction?
    (flow)
    occurs mainly in tundra areas where the ground is frozen
    when the top layer thaws during summer but the layer below remains frozen due to permafrost, the surface layer flows over the frozen layer (subsoil and rock)
  • what are mudflows?
    an increase in water content of soil due to rainfall can reduce friction, leading to earth and mud to flow over underlying bedrock
  • What are rock falls?
    most likely to occur when strong, jointed, and steep rock faces/cliffs are exposed to mechanical weathering such as freeze-thaw
    rock falls occur on slopes over a 40 degree angle
    the material, once broken away from the source, either bounces or falls vertically to form scree/talus at the foot of the slope/cliff
  • what are block falls?
    similar to rock falls - a large block of rock falls away from the cliff as a single piece, due to the jointing of the rock
  • what distinctive landforms does mass movement form?
    rotational scars
    talus scree slopes
    terraced cliff profiles
  • What is a rotational scar?

    formed as a result of rotational slumping
    it's curved, un-weathered, and un-vegetated
  • what are slumps?

    slumps often occur in saturated conditions
    the difference between sliding and slumping is that there's a rotational movement in slumping
    slumps occur on moderate to steep slopes
    involves a large area of land moving down the slope in one piece
    Usually found on weaker rock types (i.e. clay), that become saturated and heavy
    they're common where softer materials e.g clays and sands overlie more-resistant or impermeable rock such as granite or limestone
    slumping causes rotational scars
    repeated slumping creates a terraced cliff profile
  • what is a talus scree slope?
    it's fan-shaped mound of material
    made of block-fall debris which has accumulated at the foot of a cliff
    A talus scree slope is a pile of loose rocks and debris that accumulates at the base of a steep slope or cliff.
    they often have a concave profile
  • what is a terraced cliff profile?
    the profile of the cliff is stepped
    this is the result of lithology or fractures in the rock
    can be an indication of repeated slumping