Abnormalities of Rectum

Cards (27)

  • Pilonidal cyst is a congenital disorder characterized by a small dimple or cyst/sinus containing hair. It is located midline in the sacrococcygeal area and has a palpable sinus tract
  • Rectal polyps - these soft structures are rather common and occur in varying sizes and numbers. There are two types: pedunculated (on a stalk) and sessile (on the mucosal membrane)
  • Rectal cancer - occurs when cells in the rectum mutate and grow out of control.
  • Prostate cancer - a hard area on the prostate or hard, fixed, irregular nodules on the prostate suggest cancer.
  • Benign prostatic hypertrophy - prostate is enlarged, smooth, firm, and slightly elastic. Common in 50 year old men
  • External hemorrhoid - contains clotted blood, is very painful and swollen, and itches and bleeds with bowel movement
  • Anorectal fistula - small, round opening in the skin that surrounds the anal opening. It suggests an inflammatory tract from the anus or rectum out to the skin.
  • Perianal abscess - a cavity of pus, caused by infection in the skin around the anal opening. It causes throbbing pain and is red, swollen, hard and tender
  • Perianal abscess - a cavity of pus, caused by infection in the skin around the anal opening. It causes throbbing pain and is red, swollen, hard and tender
  • Anal fissure - splits in the anal canal caused by trauma. Swollen skin tag ("sentinel tag") is often present below the fissure on the anal margin. They cause intense pain, itching, and bleeding
  • Rectal prolapse - mucosa of the rectum protrudes out through anal opening. It may involve only the mucosa or the mucosa and the rectal wall. It appears as a red, doughnutlike mass with radiating folds
  • Hemorrhoids - swollen veins in the anus or rectum.
  • Perianal abscess - painful mass that is hardened and reddened in perianal area
  • A thrombosed external hemorrhoid appears swollen. It is itchy, painful, and bleeds when the client passes stool.
  • A swollen skin tag on the anal margin may indicate a fissure in the anal canal
  • Redness and excoriation may be from scratching a perianal area infected by fungi or pinworms.
  • Thickening of the epithelium suggests repeated trauma from anal intercourse.
  • Bulges of red mucous membrane may indicate a rectal prolapse
  • Poor sphincter tone may be the result of a spinal cord injury, previous surgery, trauma, or a prolapsed rectum
  • Tightened sphincter tone may indicate anxiety, scarring, or inflammation.
  • Black stool may indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding or the use of iron supplements or Pepto-Bismol
  • gray or tan stool results from the lack of bile pigment
  • yellow stool suggests steatorrhea (increased fat content).
  • Blood detected in the stool may indicate cancer of the rectum or colon.
  • Fecal incontinence occurs with neurologic disorders and some gastrointestinal infections
  • Mucus in the stool (sometimes called mucoid stool)
  • Excessive mucus may be a manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome or irritable bowel disorder.