evolution REAL

• Speciation


  Process resulting in formation of new species
• Speciation


  • Some species can reproduce (may produce fertile offspring)
  • Over time, can lead to the formation of new species (also known as natural selection)
• Allopatric speciation


  Geographical separation
• Sympatric speciation


  Isolating factors – behavioural differences (e.g. bird songs), breeding times/season, habitat differences, infertile offspring (genetic incompatibility)
• Homologous structure


  Structure similar in species because they evolved from a common ancestor. The structure may not be used for same function
• Convergent evolution


  Process on why very different species evolve to have similar traits (result of adaptation)
• Analogous structure


  Structure in organisms that serve similar function but have different structure (evolved independently)