FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING PRACTICE LECTURE

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  • Man is a composite being of biological, psycholoigcal social, and spiritual systems; equipped to come with environmental stresses within him and otuside
  • Atomistic approach
    • Detailed study of man
    • Views man as an organism composed of different organ systems, each composed of organs, and made up of tissue cells
  • Holistic Approach
    • Study man in all aspects of his behavior and his relationship with others in his environment
  • Man is a BIOPHYSYCHOSOCIAL and SPIRITUAL being who is in constant contract with the environment
  • Biological being
    • Man is loke other men
  • Psychological being
    • man is like no other man
  • Social being
    • man is like some other man
  • Spiritual being
    • man is like all other men
  • Man is composed of subsystems which act as a unified whole; therefore, what affects one subsytem affects other subsytem/s within the set
  • Closed system - self sufficient and totally isolated; does not allow outside stimuli in any form, does not go beyond boundaries
  • Open system - exchanges matter, energy, information with environment; views person as a living ehavioral system
  • Input - energy,matter, or information taken in by a system
  • Energy input - any form such as scolding or a blow
  • Matter input - either food or microorganisms
  • Information input - news and health teaching
  • Output - from organism into environment
  • Energy output - either fever or dyspnea
  • Matter output - loose stools of vomitus
  • Information outpur - validation of knowledge through feedback
  • 4 Major Attributes of Human Being
    • The capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level
    • Family formation
    • The tendency to seek and maintain territory
    • The ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture
  • Basic Human Needs - common to all people; physiologic and psychologic conditionsthat an individual must meet to achieve a state of WELL-BEING
  • Human Needs - necessary, useful or desirable to maintain wellbeing and life; MOTIVATION for behavior
  • Characteristics of basic human needs
    • needs are universal
    • needs may be met in different ways
    • needs may be deferred (postponed)
    • needs may be interrelated