Section B Changing economics

• GNI


  Gross National Income

  Country's total earnings
• GDI


  Gross Domestic Income

  Country's total earnings internally
• Per capita


  Per person
• HIC


  High Income Country

  Over $12,500 GNI per capita
• NEE


  Newly Emerging Economy

  $1,000 - $12,500 per capita
• LIC


  Low Income Country

  Under $1,000 per capita
• How is quality of life measured?


  Happiness

  Opportunities

  Wellbeing
• What is standard of living?

  The measurable aspects of quality of life
• What is the DTM?


  Demographic Transition Model

  
• Stage 1 DTM


  High birth rate

  High death rate

  1750 UK

  Rainforest tribes
• Stage 2 DTM


  High birth rate

  Decreasing death rate

  1800 UK

  Afghanistan
• Stage 3 DTM


  Decreasing birth rate

  Low death rate

  Present UK

  USA
• Stage 4 DTM


  Decreasing birth rate

  Increasing slowly death rate

  Germany
• What does life satisfaction show?

  How happy someone's quality of life is
• HDI


  Human Development Index
• What does the HDI look at?

  - Life expectancy

  - Average education level

  - GNI per capita
• What is the development gap?

  The inequality between countries
• What caused the development gap?

  - Political instability

  - Climate

  - Natural resources

  - Landlocked

  - Colonisation/historical

  - Natural disasters

  - Conflict

  - Trade rules
• Primary industry


  Collecting raw materials
• Secondary industry


  Making or manufacturing something
• Tertiary industry


  Providing a service
• Quaternary industry


  Acquiring new knowledge
• Diversification


  Gaining income from a variety of different sources rather than relying on one or two
• In 2014, how much of Jamaica's income was from tourism?

  24%

  Will rise to 34%
• How many jobs has tourism opened in Jamaica?

  200,000 jobs
• What improved in Jamaica because of tourism?

  Infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports particularly in the North
• What is the problem with Jamaica's tourism jobs?

  They are seasonal and low paid
• How much do cruise ship visitors spend in Jamaica a day?

  $70 a day compared to $120 whom stay in hotels
• What is the problem with all inclusive hotels in Jamaica?

  Visitors spend less
• True or False:

  Only the North of Jamaica has benefitted

  True
• What is aid?


  The giving of resources by one country or organisation to another
• What is bilateral aid?


  Aid from one country to another
• What is multilateral aid?

  Several governments contribute to a third party like WHO and World Bank
• What is a top down project?

  - Large scale solution decided by government

  - Helps lots of people at once

  - Can be expensive
• What is a bottom up project?

  - Smaller scale decided by communities

  - Cheaper and smaller

  - Might only help one community
• Where is Chambamontera?


  An isolated community in the Andes of Peru.

  South of the Equator in South America.
• What was the Chambamontera project?

  - Supported by UK charity - Practical Action

  - Built 50 micro-hydro power stations

  - Benefitting 30,000 people
• What did the Chambamontera project allow people to do?

  - People can get vaccinated

  - Can open businesses

  - Can do homework
• What is tariff?


  A tax on imported goods
• What is quota?


  A limit on the number of goods that can be imported