RBE Reviewer

• I/O Psychology


  A branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to work-setting
• Major Fields of I/O Psychology

  • Personnel Psychology
  • Organizational Psychology
  • Human Factors/Ergonomics
• Personnel Psychology


  • Analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employees, etc.

  
• Organizational Psychology


  • Deals with issues of leadership, employee motivation, organizational management, etc.
• Human Factors/Ergonomics


  • Workplace design, human-machine interaction, physical fatigue, and stress
• Utilized testing the mental ability of recruits (Army Alpha test for those who can read and Army Beta test for those who cannot)

  World War I
• On the quality of work environment

  Hawthorne studies
• Hawthorne effect


  Change of behavior due to being observed
• Science


  • Backed by a logical approach to investigation, based on a hypothesis or curiosity about an object of interest
  • Relies on data
  • Must be communicable, open, and public
• Scientific method to find the cause of termination

  1. Work performance

  2. KSAOs (skills, knowledge, and abilities) of the employee

  3. Training, educational background, and credentials
• Experimental


  Cause-and-effect relationships
• Experiment


  • Manipulation of one or more independent variables
  • Random assignment of participants to experimental and control conditions
• Quasi-experimental


  Type of research design that attempts to establish a cause-and-effect relationship without random assignment
• Non-experimental


  Does not include any treatment or assignment to different conditions, gathers information without condition or treatment
• Hypothesis


  Educated guess/ assumptions
• Theory


  Collection of ideas or principles that guides an explanation of a phenomenon
• Research Design


  Framework of research methods and techniques used by the researcher
• Cause and effect relationships


  Relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other
• Independent Variables (I.V.)


  Factor that you want to change or control in order to determine its effects
• Dependent Variables (D.V.)


  Factor that responds (effects) to the change of I.V
• Experimental Group


  Receives the experimental procedure
• Control Group


  Group separated from the experiment such that the I.V being tested cannot influence the experiment results
• Quantitative Research


  • Conveyed in numbers and graphs to test or confirm the assumptions, includes experiments, recorded observations, and surveys with close-ended questions
• Qualitative Research


  • Conveyed in words, used to understand concepts, ideas, or experiences
• Descriptive statistics


  Describes the distribution of scores collected by determining the frequency of each score, usually represented by a graph with two axes
• Measures of Central Tendency

  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
• Positive skew or right skewed


  Scores are clustered towards the lower range (lower scores) of the distribution, Mean and Median scores will always be higher than the Mode
• Negative skew or left skewed

  Scores are clustered towards the higher range of the distribution, Mean and Median Scores is always lower or less than the Mode
• Variance (S2)


  Calculated as the average squared deviation of each score from the mean score of a data set
• Inferential statistics


  Allows to make predictions ("inferences") from that data, uses statistical tests such as the t-test, ANOVA, or chi-square test to compare sample data to other samples or to previous research
• Statistical Significance


  Helps quantify whether a statistic outcome is a result of chance or to some other factor or variable
• Statistical Power


  The likelihood of finding a statistically significant difference when a true difference exists
• Correlation coefficients


  Measures how strong a relationship is between two variables, ranges between -1.00 and 1.00, the higher the value, the stronger the correlation
• Scatterplot graph


  Used to display the correlational relationship between two variables
• Differential Psychology


  Study of differences
• Psychometrics


  The actual measurement of abilities, when put into metrics or scales
• Identifying Individual Differences


  • Thinking pattern
  • Cognitive ability
  • Physical ability
  • Interests
  • Knowledge
  • Personality
  • Emotions
• Intelligence


  Ability of an individual to learn and adapt to his environment
• Carroll's Theory of Cognitive Abilities

  • Three layers or strata: stratum I (narrow abilities), stratum II (broad abilities), stratum III (consist of g or general mental ability)
  • Highest is "g"; (general intelligence)
  • Middle layer consists of seven specific cognitive abilities: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, short term memory, visual perception, information retrieval, auditory perception, and cognitive speed
  • Bottom layer consists of specific abilities connected with the middle layer (broad abilities)
• Fluid Intelligence (GF)


  Mental operations that a person uses, includes forming and recognizing concepts, problem-solving, and reorganizing data