2

• BAEYER'S TEST

  Potassium permanganate is an oxidizing agent that reacts with unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

  Does not react with alkanes or aromatic hydrocarbons
• LEORA

  Loss Electron - Oxidation - Reducing Agent
• GEROA

  Gain Electron - Reduction - Oxidazing Agent
• SHEEP'S TALLOW - Sheep Fats

  • Stearic fatty acid
  • Myristic fatty acid
  • Oleic fatty acid
  • Myristoleic fatty acid
• COMPARISON WITH ALKENES

  Alkenes react spontaneously with bromine to give addition products
• COMPARISON WITH ALKENES

  • An analogous addition reaction between benzene and bromine would be endothermic by +2kcal
  • The destruction of the aromatic sextet causes this endothermicity
  • The substitution of bromine for hydrogen is an overall exothermic process, but requires a catalyst to convert the bromine molecule into a more reactive electrophile
• NITRATION OF BENZENE

  1. Sulfuric acid catalized reaction

  • A safer reaction involves a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid
  • Sulfuric acid behaves as a catalyst, and allows this nitration reaction to proceed at a lower temperature and more quickly The reaction mechanism is similar to an acid catalyzed dehydration
• NITRATION OF BENZENE

  2. Nitronium ion reacts with benzene

  • The nitronium ion reacts with benzene to form the sigma complex, which then loses a proton to generate the aromatic produce