Animal Tissues and Systems

• homeostasis: the steady-state physiological condition of the body
• In homeostasis, the body maintains the internal environment within the narrow limits required for life.

  • temperature
  • acidity
  • osmotic potential
  • concentration of O2, CO2, food, wastes, etc.
• Homeostasis is typically maintained by organ systems.

  • Organ systems are made up of organs.
  • Organs are made up of tissues.
• The basic tissue types in animals are:

  • Epithelial tissue, or surface tissue
  • Connective tissue, or structural tissue
  • Muscle tissue, or contractile tissue
  • Nervous tissue, or conducting tissue
• What are the four basic animal tissue types?

  Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
• Integumentary System (skin):

  • protection from mechanical injury
  • immunity (infection)
  • osmoregulation (water)
  • thermoregulation
  • sensing the environment
• Muscular System:

  • movement
  • protection from mechanical injury
  • thermoregulation
• • tendons attach muscles to bone
  • ligaments attach bone to bone
• Skeletal System:

  • protection from mechanical injury
  • support
  • leverage for movement
  • storage of minerals (e.g., calcium)
  • production of blood cells
• • vitamins are organic substances that our body needs
  • minerals are inorganic elements that our body needs
• Digestive System:

  • ingestion of food
  • digestion of food
  • absorption of nutrients
• What basic mammal tissue type is composed of compact, tightly packed, contiguous cells covering or lining the body or certain organs?

  Epithelial
• In what basic mammal tissue type would you find a matrix between the cells?

  Connective
• Dendrites and an axon are parts of what type of cell?

  Neurons
• In the mammal digestive system, what connects the pharynx to the stomach?

  Esophagus
• Where is epithelial tissue found?

  Covering or lining the body or certain organs
• Where does the process of digestion begin in animals?

  Mouth