Organisation and digestion

• What happens in the mouth?


  Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces,

  the salivary glands digest food chemically with analyse
• What do analyse do?

  Turns starch to glucose
• Where is amylase made?

  salivary glands and pancreas
• What are enzymes?


  biological catalysts that speed up reactions
• What do enzymes do?

  Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy speeding up reactions
• What affects enzymes?


  temperature and pH
• What does denatured mean?

  when the active site changes shape when exposed to extremes in temperature or pH so the substrate cannot fit
• What is the optimum temperature?

  The temperature where the enzyme is working at the fastest rate
• What is the active site?


  The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
• What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates and what are the products?

  Carbohydrase

  glucose
• What enzyme breaks down protein and what are the products?

  Protease

  Amino acids
• What is enzyme breaks down lipids and what are its products?

  Lipase

  Glycerol + triglycerides
• What enzyme breaks down starch and what is its product?

  Amylase

  Glucose
• What is the lock and key theory?

  the lock and key theory states that an enzyme and corresponding active site are exactly complementary
• What is the small intestine?

  A semi permeable membrane that absorbs nutrients into the blood stream
• What are the adaptations of the small intestine?

  Lots of Vili and micro villi to increase the surface area

  one cell layer thick for a short distance to travel

  many capillaries to maintain concentration gradient

  lots of mitochondria for active transport
• What does epithelial tissue do?

  Covers the outside and inside of the stomach
• What does muscular tissue do?

  Allows food to be turned around the stomach
• What does glandular tissue do?


  produces digestive juices that break down the stomachs contents
• What is peristalsis?


  The movement of food getting squeezed down the oesophagus by muscles contracting and relaxing
• Where is hydrochloric acid found?

  found in stomach
• Why is hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  To kill bacteria and viruses (part of the immune system)
• What does the liver produce?

  bile which emulsifies fats
• Where is bile stored?

  Bile is stored in the gallbladder
• Where are digestive enzymes made?

  pancreas
• What happens in the small intestine?

  Digested food molecules get absorbed in the small intestine meaning that they will pass through our bloodstream

  Once in the bloodstream the digested food molecules are carried around to where they are needed

  The wall of the small intestine is thin and has a large surface area for absorption to happen quickly
• Why is the wall of the small intestine thin?

  The wall of the small intestine is thin and has a large surface area for absorption to happen quickly
• DONT DO

  
  

  What happens in the large intestine?

  Excess water is absorbed back into the body in the large intestine what is left is undigested food

  It's stored in the rectum

  Then it comes out through the anus
• Is the stomach an organ,organ system or tissue?

  Organ
• Are the cells lining the stomach organ, organ system, tissue?

  Tissue
• Is the mouth, oesophagus, the stomach,pancreas and small and large intestine organ,organ system or tissue?

  Organ system
• Complete the sentence: oxygen moves from the blood to the cells lining the stomach by the process of...

  Diffusion
• What substances must move from the blood to the cells lining the stomach so that respiration can take place?

  Glucose
• What pH is the stomach?

  pH 2
• What pH is the body?

  pH 7
• What is bile/what does it do?

  a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats (lipids) into fatty acids.
• What are small carbohydrate units referred to?

  Simple sugars
• What is tissue?


  A group of cells with similar structure and function working together
• What are organs?


  Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform certain functions
• What is an organ system?


  group of organs that work together to perform a specific function