nervous tissue and system

• what specific part of the neuron communicates with a target cell and serves as the secretory region of the cell?

  axon terminals (synaptic knobs)
• neuroglial cell types:

  1. astrocytes
  2. oligodendrocyte
  3. microglial cell
  4. ependymal cell
• astrocyte functions:

  • anchor neurons and blood vessels
  • regulate the extracellular environment
  • facilitate the formation of the blood brain barrier
  • repair damaged tissues
• oligodendrocyte functions:

  • myelinate certain axons in the CNS
• microglial cell functions:

  • act as phagocytes
• ependymal cell functions:

  • line cavities
  • cilia circulate cerebrospinal fluid
  • some secrete this fluid
• what must be intact for a neuron to regenerate in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  cell body and some myelinated axon
• what forms the white matter of the spinal cord?

  myelinated axons
• which neuroglial cells help form the blood-brain barrier?

  astrocytes
• the conducting region of the neuron is the axon
• which sequence of structures correctly indicates the direction in which an electrical signal is carried in a typical multipolar neuron?

  dendrites, cell body, and axon
• what structure found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) promotes regeneration of a damaged axon?

  schwann cell
• neuroglial cell type (PNS):

  1. schwann cell
  2. satellite cell
• schwann cell functions:

  • promotes regeneration of a damaged axon
  • myelination of certain axons in PNS
• most sensory neurons such as the ones found in the special sense organs are structurally classified as bipolar neurons
• satellite cell functions:

  • surround and support cell bodies
• organs of the nervous system:

  1. brain
  2. spinal cord
  3. nerves
• organs of the nervous system:

  1. brain
  2. spinal cord
  3. nerves

  organs of the CNS:

  1. brain
  2. spinal cord

  organs of the PNS:

  1. nerves
• the majority of neurons are functionally classified as interneurons
• which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) carries signals from bones, joints, skin, and organs of vision to the central nervous system (CNS)?

  somatic sensory
• which of the following effectors is controlled by the somatic motor division?

  skeletal muscle
• what are clusters of cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system (PNS) called?

  ganglia
• what structure contains the bulk of the Schwann cell's cytoplasm and organelles?

  neurolemma
• what type of neuron carries information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Afferent
• what neuroglial cells surround and support the cell bodies of neurons and have intertwined processes that link them with other parts of the neuron?

  satellite cells
• what cell type forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Oligodendrocytes
• the autonomic nervous system carries signals to:

  1. cardiac muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. glands
• bundles of axons known as tracts are part of the central nervous system (CNS)
• what neuron structure does not contain protein-making organelles?

  Axon
• which of the following neuroglia would be more likely to form a brain tumor because of their ability to rapidly divide following brain injury?

  astrocyte
• which of the following characteristics is not associated with schwann cells?

  envelop parts of several axons with multiple processes
• what is the most metabolically active part of the neuron?

  soma
• what is the ciliated neuroglial cell that functions to circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

  Ependymal cells
• which of the following characteristics makes myelin such as excellent insulator for axons?

  high lipid content
• which of the following terms is not associated with a general type of function found in the nervous system?

  internode
• regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive functions are carried out by the autonomic nervous system
• the most common type of neuron in the human body is multipolar
• which type of fiber has the slowest conduction speed?

  type C
• which of the following events does not occur when the action potential is propagated along the axon?

  as potassium ion channels activate, an action potential is triggered and spreads positive charges down the axon
• which type of fiber has the largest diameter?

  type A