Section A : challenge of natural hazards

• What is a conservative plate boundary?


  where plates slide past each other
• What's another name for a conservative plate boundary?

  Transform plate
• What is a constructive plate boundary?

  A constructive plate boundary occurs when plates move apart.
• How are volcanoes formed?

  Formed by the movement of tectonic plates whenever plates are moving apart/toward each other. Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed.
• Another name for constructive plate boundary

  Divergent plate
• What is a convergent plate boundary?

  When two plates collide
• What's another name for a convergent plate boundary

  Destructive plate boundary
• Haiti earthquake date

  12th January 2010
• Haiti location

  A country in the Caribbean on the island of Hispaniaola

  
• Haiti Epicenter location

  25km to the SW of Port-au-Prince

  
• Haiti- Depth of focus

  13km

  
• Type of plate boundary

  Conservative / transform

  
• Haiti- Name of tectonic plates

  Caribbean Plate and North American Plate
• Haiti-how many below the poverty line

  40% to 70% in 15 seconds
• Population


  900,000
• Haiti-Capital

  Port-au-Prince
• Magnitude of the earthquake

  7.0 on the Richter Scale

  
• Haiti - Number of deaths (primary impact)

  230,000
• Haiti- Number of injured (primary impact)

  300,000
• Haiti- Number of homeless immediately after the earthquake (secondary impact)

  1.3 million
• Haiti - Number of people in overcrowded camps a year later

  over 1 million
• Haiti -Number of people with a shortage of food and water (secondary impact)

  2 million
• what is cholera


  A water-borne disease. Lack of clean water means this spreads easily
• Haiti- Number of people killed by the cholera disease (secondary impact)

  7,000
• Haiti- Level of preparedness (vulnerability)

  Low, because of poverty and lack of effective government
• Haiti-Number of homes destroyed or badly damaged (primary impact)

  250,000

  
• GDP/capita (vulnerability)


  US$660
• Haiti-HDI ranking (vulnerability)

  149th out of 182 countries
• Haiti-Roads damaged or blocked by rubble (secondary impact)

  The main road between Port-au-Prince and Jacmel was blocked for 10 days after the earthquake making access for search and rescue teams difficult
• Haiti-Government buildings destroyed and personnel killed

  For example the City Hall. This makes it harder for the country to get organised for the recovery effort

  
• Haiti-Reason for so many buildings collapsing (vulnerability)

  Lack of building regulations

  many people live in poverty
• Haiti-Number of prison inmates escaped (secondary impact)

  4,000, also leading to increased risk of looting
• Haiti-Relative cost to GDP (secondary impact)

  The total cost of damage was 120% of the countries GDP. This makes it even harder to recover as the country as the cost is a big shock to the economy.
• Haiti-Population with access to basic healthcare before the earthquake (vulnerability)

  40%
• Haiti-number of school buildings that collapsed

  1,300
• Haiti-unemployment rate before

  40.6%

  2/3 without a formal job
• Haiti-what was the problem with receiving aid

  small airport couldn't cope
• Haiti-what happened to the port and Presidential palace

  destroyed / badly damaged
• Haiti-people were still being pulled from buildings after...

  a week
• Haiti-what was the issue with there being very few resources

  people started stealing food and fighting