Carnatic grade 3

• Arohana - swara increasing in sruthi in a regular ascending order
• Avarohana - swara decreasing in sruthi in a regular descending order
• Arohana is also know as Eru Nirai
• Avarohana is also known as Irangu Nirai
• The first 4 swaras in the arohanam of any sampoorna raga are S R G M and are called poorvangam
• The last 4 swaras in the avarohanam of any sampoorna raga are P D N S and are called uttarangam
• Sankarabaranam

  • 29 th mela raga of 5 th raga of 5 th chakra bana
  • also known as theera sankarabaranam
  • All 7 swaras in regular order in arohanam and avarohanam
  • swara symbols : S R2 G2 M1 P D2 N2
• Mayamalavagowla

  • 15 th mela raga of 3 rd raga of 3 rd chakra agni
  • All 7 swara in regular order in arohanam and avarohanam
  • swara symbols : S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N2
  • e.g Gananatha
• Kalyani

  • 65 th mela raga of 5 th raga or 9 th chakra rudra
  • All 7 swaras are in regular order in the arohanam and avarohanam
  • Also know as Mecha Kalyani
  • This is a Prathi Madhyamam raga
  • swara symbols : S R2 G2 M2 P D2 N2
• Kalyani , Mayamalavagowla , Sankarabaranam are all melakartha ragas and sampoorna ragas because they have all 7 swaras in Arohana and Avarohana
• Malahari

  • Janya raga derived from 15 th mela raga Mayamalavagowla
  • Arohana : S R M P D S
  • Avarohana : S D P M G R S
  • swara symbols : S R1 G2 M1 P D1
  • e.g kunda goura , sree gananatha
• Mohanam

  • Janya raga derived from 28 th mela raga Harikambhoji
  • Arohana : S R G P D S
  • Avarohana : S D P G R S
  • swara symbols : S R2 G2 P D2
• Suddha Saveri

  • Janya raga derived from 29 th mela raga Sankarabaranam
  • Arohana : S R M P D S
  • Avarohana : S D P M R S
  • swara symbols : S R2 M1 P D2
• Mohanam and suddha saveri have 5 swara in their arohanam and avarohanam so they are audava ragams
• Malahari has 5 swaras in its arohanam and 6 swaras in its avarohanam so it is an audava shadava ragam
• Prakruthi swaras


  swras that don't change / fixed notes , S and P are prakruthi swaras
• Vikruthi swara


  swaras that do change , R , G , M , D , N are vikruthi swaras
• each lower case letter = 1 aksharakalam
• Vikruthi has two variation:

  lower swaras - komala

  higher swars - theevram
• each capital letter = 2 aksharakalams
• kuril swaram - short notes

  e.g srgmpdn
• nedil swaram - long notes

  e.g SRGMPDN
• if there is one horizontal line above the notes it indicates 2 nd speed, to find the total aksharakalams you have to find the total of the letters and divide it by two
• if there are two horizontal lines above the notes it indicates 3 rd speed, to find the total aksharakalams you have to find the total of the letters and divide it by four ( 2 x 2)
• if there is no horizontal line above the notes it means 1 st speed
• Anniya swaram


  foreign note , denoted by an asterik (*)
• | indicates end of tala anga
• || indicates end of aavarthanam
• to indicate kampita gamakam a wavy line is drawn over notes this shows that the pitch goes up and down slightly for vikruthi swaras
• there are 12 notes in an octave
• 12 notes in octave

  Shadjam-S

  Suddha Rishabham - R1 - komala

  Chatusruthi Rishabham -R2 - theevram

  Sadharana Gandharam - G1 - komala

  Antara Gandharam - G2 - theevram

  Suddha Madhyamam - M1 - komala

  Prathi Maadhyamam - M2 - theevram

  Panchamam - P

  Suddha Daivatham - D1 - komala

  Chatusruthi Daivatham - D2 - theevram

  Kaisiki Nishadam - N1 - komala

  Kakali Nishadam - N2 - theevram