CONSEQUENTIALISM

• Egoism


  Self interest, self first
• Altruism


  Selflessness, others first
• Utilitarianism


  Most ethical act = produce greatest good for the greater number
• Good


  Pleasure without pain or moral duty
• Act Utilitarianism


  Action is moral if it produces greater happiness for a greatest number of people
• Rule Utilitarianism


  We should act so that the rule governing our actions produces the greatest happiness for most people
• Happiness


  • Pleasure
  • Absence of pain
• Unhappiness


  • Pain
  • Absence of pleasure
• Hedonism


  Hedone = pleasure, pleasure is the norm of action
• Aristippus


  Short-Term Happiness: SENSUAL
• Epicurus


  Long-Term Happiness: RATIONAL
• Jeremy Bentham


  Founder of utilitarianism, righteousness or wrongness of an action has to be judged by its consequences and its ability to produce pleasure or remove pain
• Act Utilitarianism


  Action is right if it will produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number, tally the consequences of each action in a case-to-case basis, calculate the possible pleasure and pains of actions based on felicific calculus
• Felicific Calculus


  "Happiness calculator", "Utility calculus", "Hedonic calculus", way of balancing pros and cons of an envisaged act, pain and pleasure are quantifiable
• Felicific Calculus Factors


  • Intensity: How strong will pleasure/pain be?
  • Duration: How long will the pleasure/pain last?
  • Certainty: What is the probability of pleasure/pain to occur?
  • Propinquity: How far off in the future is the pleasure/pain?
  • Fecundity: What is the probability that pleasure/pain will lead to another pleasure/pain?
  • Purity: How sure is the pleasure/pain truly experienced?
  • Extent: How many persons are affected by the pleasure/pain?
• John Stuart Mill


  "Greatest happiness principle", focuses more on quality over quantity
• Rule Utilitarianism


  We should act so that the rule governing our actions produces the greatest happiness for most people, cultivation of nobleness of character, quality is important in terms of durability, elegance, longevity, qualifying intellectual capacity must not be based on numbers but must be based on justification of intelligence through creativity and innovativeness
• John Stuart Mill: 'A good man would rather be a human being dissatisfied than a pig dissatisfied. A person would rather be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool dissatisfied'
• And if the fool, or the pig, is of different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides
• Egoism


  Self interest, self first
• Altruism


  Selflessness, others first
• Utilitarianism


  Most ethical act = produce greatest good for the greater number
• Good


  Pleasure without pain or moral duty
• Act Utilitarianism


  Action is moral if it produces greater happiness for a greatest number of people
• Rule Utilitarianism


  We should act so that the rule governing our actions produces the greatest happiness for most people
• Happiness


  • Pleasure
  • Absence of pain
• Unhappiness


  • Pain
  • Absence of pleasure
• Hedonism


  Hedone = pleasure, pleasure is the norm of action
• Aristippus


  Short-Term Happiness: SENSUAL
• Epicurus


  Long-Term Happiness: RATIONAL
• Jeremy Bentham


  Founder of utilitarianism, righteousness or wrongness of an action has to be judged by its consequences and its ability to produce pleasure or remove pain
• Act Utilitarianism


  Action is right if it will produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number, tally the consequences of each action in a case-to-case basis, calculate the possible pleasure and pains of actions based on felicific calculus
• Felicific Calculus


  "Happiness calculator", "Utility calculus", "Hedonic calculus", way of balancing pros and cons of an envisaged act, pain and pleasure are quantifiable
• Factors in Felicific Calculus

  • Intensity: How strong will pleasure/pain be?
  • Duration: How long will the pleasure/pain last?
  • Certainty: What is the probability of pleasure/pain to occur?
  • Propinquity: How far off in the future is the pleasure/pain?
  • Fecundity: What is the probability that pleasure/pain will lead to another pleasure/pain?
  • Purity: How sure is the pleasure/pain truly experienced?
  • Extent: How many persons are affected by the pleasure/pain?
• John Stuart Mill


  "Greatest happiness principle", focuses more on quality over quantity
• Rule Utilitarianism


  We should act so that the rule governing our actions produces the greatest happiness for most people, cultivation of nobleness of character, quality is important in terms of durability, elegance, longevity, qualifying intellectual capacity must not be based on numbers but must be based on justification of intelligence through creativity and innovativeness
• John Stuart Mill: 'A good man would rather be a human being dissatisfied than a pig dissatisfied. A person would rather be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool dissatisfied'
• And if the fool, or the pig, is of different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides
• Marks in pleasure and pain


  • Intense
  • Long
  • Certain
  • Speedy
  • Fruitful
  • Pure
• Private end


  Seek pleasures that are intense, long, certain, speedy, fruitful, and pure