Pall

• What medications are mentioned for treating hiccups in palliative care?

  Chlorpromazine or haloperidol
• What is the breakthrough dose of morphine?

  1/6th of daily morphine dose
• How may metastatic bone pain be managed?

  With analgesia, bisphosphonates, or radiotherapy
• How do you convert codeine to morphine dosage?

  Divide by 10
• What should be done if pain is not controlled in palliative patients?

  Increase morphine doses by 30-50%
• What are syringe drivers used for in palliative care?

  • Manage respiratory secretions
  • Treat bowel colic
  • Medications: hyoscine hydrobromide, hyoscine butylbromide, glycopyrronium bromide
• What is preferred over morphine for palliative patients with mild-moderate renal impairment?

  Oxycodone
• How can headaches caused by raised intracranial pressure be palliated?

  With dexamethasone
• How do you convert oral morphine to subcutaneous morphine?

  Divide by two
• What are the common side effects of opioids?

  • Respiratory depression
  • Constipation
  • Pruritus
  • Dependence
• What is the first-line treatment for managing secretions in palliative care?

  Hyoscine hydrobromide or butylbromide
• What can be used to reduce discomfort from a painful mouth at the end of life?

  Benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash or spray
• Which opioids are preferred for severe renal impairment in palliative care?

  Buprenorphine or fentanyl
• What is a good first-line anti-emetic for intracranial causes of nausea and vomiting?

  Cyclizine
• What should be used for nausea and vomiting due to gastric dysmotility in palliative care?

  Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists