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• EBENEZER SCROOGE : An elderly business man who is notoriously greedy and mean-spirited. At the start, Scrooge values his money over the wellbeing of his staff or the affection of his family and shows no compassion for the less fortunate. By the end, thanks to the three spirits, scrooge is a changed man, full of kindness and generosity for others.
• BOB CRATCHIT: Scrooge's clerk is a kind and gentle man who is devoted to his large family and especially his son Tiny Tim. He is loyal to Scrooge and dedicated to his job, despite being overworked and underpaid.
• JACOB MARLEY: Scrooge's former business partner, who died seven years before the story begins. In life, Marley was just as greedy as scrooge and his ghost is doomed to walk the earth in chains as a result. he visits Scrooge to warn him that he will suffer the same fate if he doesn't change his ways.
• GHOST OF CHRISTMAS PAST: The first of the three spirits, this apparition shows Scrooge events from Christmases from his past. It appears as a strange figure that seems both old and young at the same time, with a glowing light shining from its head. The ghost carries a candle extinguisher as a cap.
• THE GHOST OF CHRISTMAS PRESENT: The second spirit appears as a jolly giant surrounded by a huge Christmas feast. It shows Scrooge joyful Christmas scenes, including the Cratchit family's Christmas dinner, but also shows him an image of poor and starving children.
• THE GHOST OF CHRISTMAS YET TO COME: The final spirit appears as a silent figure cloaked in black and shows Scrooge scenes from a possible future, including the death of Tiny Tim and Scrooge's own grave. The spirit leaves Scrooge begging for the chance to change his ways and avoid these events.
• TINY TIM: Bob's youngest child is disabled and walks on crutches but is full of happiness and optimism. Scrooge becomes determined to change his ways after seeing the vision of tiny Tim's death and realising that he could have prevented it by treating Bob more fairly.
• FRED: Scrooge's cheerful nephew. Fred offers to have Scrooge round for Christmas dinner every year. An offer which Scrooge always refuses. At the end, Scrooge finally spends Christmas Day with Fred and his family.
• MR FEZZIWIG: Scrooge's first employer, who treated him like a son. Mr Fezziwig is shown as the opposite of the old Scrooge: he is wealthy but jolly and generous with his money and shows great affection for his employees.
• BELLE: The woman who Scrooge loved as a young man. They were engaged but Belle ended the engagement when she realised Scrooge cared more about his wealth than about her. She went on to find love and happiness with another man.
• Stave 1

  • 1.) Freezing and foggy Christmas Eve.
  • 2.) Works in counting house with clerk: Bob Cratchit.
  • 3.) Fred: Scrooge's nephew arrives to say Merry Christmas, Scrooge's response: Bah Humbug.
  • 4.) Men arrive to ask for charity donations for the poor, Scrooge refuses to donate.
  • 5.) Scrooge gives Bob Christmas Day off work.
  • 6.) Jacob Marley ghost visits later evening.
• Stave 2

  • 1.) Scrooge is visited by Ghost of Christmas Past.
  • 2.) Shows Scrooge Christmases from his life before.
  • 3.) Scrooge sees himself as a young boy at boarding school.
  • 4.) Show Scrooge's sister: Fan.
  • 5.) Show Mr Fezziwig.
  • 6.) Show Belle.
  • 7.) Scrooge extinguishes TGOCP and ends up back in his bedroom.
• Stave 3

  • 1.) Greeted by The Ghost of Christmas present.
  • 2.) The spirit takes Scrooge to scenes of Christmas Day.
  • 3.) Ghost takes Scrooge to Bob Cratchit's house.
  • 4.) Sees that Tiny Tim is ill, Ghost says that if things don't improve for the Cratchit's, Tiny Tim will die.
  • 5.) Spirit takes Scrooge to see his nephew, Fred's Christmas party.
  • 6.) Ghost is getting old - only lives for one day.
  • 7.) Ignorance and Want.
• Stave 4

  • 1.) Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come.
  • 2.) Scrooge is terrified, tells ghost he is ready to change his ways.
  • 3.) Shows Scrooge group of men talking about a rich man's death, joking about the funeral.
  • 4.) Dingy shop, couple are happy that he is dead, gives them longer to pay of debts.
  • 5.) Shows Scrooge that Tiny Tim has died.
  • 6.) Scrooge sees his own name on a gravestone.
  • 7.) Begs spirit for a chance to change his ways.
  • 8.) Ends up back in his own bed.
• Stave 5

  • 1.) Scrooge is happy to be given a second chance at life.
  • 2.) Pays a boy to buy a huge turkey to deliver to the Cratchit's house.
  • 3.) Goes out, wishes a Merry Christmas to everyone he passes.
  • 4.) Apologises to charity donators for being rude, gives them money to make up for it.
  • 5.) Goes to Fred's house to join party.
  • 6.) next day, gives Bob Cratchit a pay rise.
  • 7.) Learns his lesson
• Set in 1840s
• The ingredients for a hit novella 


  Dickens previous novel had not sold well and so he needed a hit. He deliberately combined elements that he knew would appeal to Victorian readers: a parable, supernatural, a happy conclusion and Christmas.