Micronutrients fat soluble vitamins

• What are vitamins?


  chemical substances naturally found in a range of unprocessed plant + animal foods.
• Where are vitamins naturally found?

  range of unprocessed plant + animal foods e.g. Fruit + veg
• Why do we need vitamins? 2 points

  - promote health

  - prevent diseases
• Why are vitamins called micro nutrients?

  - they're needed by our bodies in Small Amounts everyday for a variety of different jobs
• Some vitamins can be ..... by the body, but most .......... Fill in the gaps?

  Some vitamins can be STORED by the body, but most CANNOT.
• What would happen if we didn't have vitamins in our body?

  - The body would show signs of deficiency.

  - symptoms would vary depending on missing vitamins
• What are the 3 vitamin families?

  - ADEK (fat soluble vitamins)

  - ACE (anti - oxidants)

  - BC (Water soluble vitamins)
• What type of vitamins are ADEK?

  fat soluble vitamins
• What type of vitamins are 'BC' ?

  Water soluble vitamins
• What are vitamins 'ACE' ?


  Antioxidants = they are 'ACE' for you!
• What is each vitamin given?

  - a chemical name and a letter
• What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) Vitamin A?

  Retinol - Beta carotene
• Food sources of Vitamin A (retinol + beta carotene)


  - retinol = cheddar cheese, egg yolk, meat

  - Beta carotene = Spinach, kale, carrots (green leafy veg)
• What is Vitamin A good for? KHHPB


  - Keeps skin healthy

  - helps children to grow

  - helps us see in dim light

  - produces mucus for mucus membranes

  - Beta Carotene = antioxidant
• What happens if you have an Excess of Vitamin A (quite rare) ? 2 points

  - can be toxic (poisonous) to the body = excess vit A will build up in the liver.

  - damage the development of an unborn baby
• What happens if you have a Deficiency of Vitamin A? ChSN

  - children don't grow properly

  - skin + mucus membranes become dry and infected = bodys immunse system is weakened

  - night blindness or total blindness to the eye = eyes become scarred and infected
• What percentage of vitamin A comes from Retinol?

  75%
• What % of vitamin A comes from Beta Carotene?

  25%
• What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin D ?

  Cholecalciferol
• Sources of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) : 4 points

  - most comes from sunlight

  - oily fish (salmon, sardines)

  - eggs

  - meat
• Why do we need Vitamin D ? clue: calcium


  - helps calcium to be deposited in bones + teeth

  - enables calcium to be absorbed from small intestine
• What happens if we have an Excess of Vitamin D (quite rare) ?

  - too much calcium absorbed = lead to damage of kidneys and organs
• What happens if we have a deficiency of Vitamin D ?

  - Children : bones + teeth won't strengthen

  - bones in leg will bend because of weight of body = Rickets

  - Adults: bones may start to weaken + break easily = osteomalacia.
• What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin E ?

  Tocopherol
• Sources of Vitamin E (tocopherol) : 4 points OSNP

  - olive oils

  - seeds

  - nuts

  - plant foods (soya)
• Why do we need Vitamin E?

  Vitamin E = an antioxidant
• What happens if we have an excess of vitamin E ?


  very rare
• What happens if we have a deficiency of vitamin E ?

  very rare
• What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin K ?

  Phylloquinone
• Sources of Vitamin K (phylloquinone) : 4 points

  - green, leafy veg

  - liver

  - cheese

  - green tea
• Why do we need Vitamin K?

  - enables blood to clot, when body is injured = prevents further loss of blood
• What happens if you have a deficiency of Vitamin K (very rare) ?

  - can sometimes occur in new - born babies = why they're given a dose of vitamin K when born.
• Why are new-born babies given a dose of vitamin K ?

  - they can sometimes lose some blood internally during birth process.
• What are the 2 main groups that vitamins are classified into?

  - Water soluble vitamins (BC)

  - Fat Soluble vitamins (ADEK)
• What happens to Beta carotene in the liver (vitamin A)?

  Beta Carotene is converted into retinol
• Where is Retinol stored? (vitamin A)

  Liver