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Food tech: macro nutrients glossary
Micronutrients fat soluble vitamins
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What are vitamins?
chemical substances naturally found in a range of
unprocessed plant
+
animal foods.
Where are vitamins naturally found?
range of unprocessed plant +
animal
foods e.g.
Fruit
+ veg
Why do we need vitamins? 2 points
- promote
health
- prevent
diseases
Why are vitamins called micro nutrients?
- they're needed by our
bodies
in Small Amounts everyday for a variety of different
jobs
Some vitamins can be ..... by the body, but most .......... Fill in the gaps?
Some vitamins can be
STORED
by the body, but most
CANNOT.
What would happen if we didn't have vitamins in our body?
- The body would show signs of
deficiency.
- symptoms would vary depending on missing
vitamins
What are the 3 vitamin families?
-
ADEK
(fat soluble vitamins)
-
ACE
(anti - oxidants)
-
BC
(Water soluble vitamins)
What type of vitamins are ADEK?
fat soluble
vitamins
What type of vitamins are 'BC' ?
Water soluble
vitamins
What are vitamins
'ACE'
?
Antioxidants
= they are 'ACE' for you!
What is each vitamin given?
- a
chemical name
and a
letter
What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) Vitamin A?
Retinol
-
Beta carotene
Food sources of Vitamin A (
retinol
+
beta carotene
)
- retinol =
cheddar cheese
, egg yolk,
meat
-
Beta carotene
= Spinach, kale,
carrots
(green leafy veg)
What is Vitamin A good for?
KHHPB
- Keeps skin
healthy
- helps children to
grow
- helps us see in
dim
light
- produces
mucus
for
mucus membranes
-
Beta Carotene
=
antioxidant
What happens if you have an Excess of Vitamin A (quite rare) ? 2 points
- can be toxic (poisonous) to the body =
excess
vit A will build up in the
liver.
- damage the
development
of an unborn
baby
What happens if you have a Deficiency of Vitamin A? ChSN
- children don't
grow
properly
- skin + mucus membranes become
dry
and infected = bodys immunse system is
weakened
-
night blindness
or total blindness to the
eye
= eyes become scarred and infected
What percentage of vitamin A comes from Retinol?
75%
What % of vitamin A comes from Beta Carotene?
25%
What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin D ?
Cholecalciferol
Sources of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) : 4 points
- most comes from
sunlight
-
oily
fish (salmon, sardines)
-
eggs
-
meat
Why do we need Vitamin D ? clue:
calcium
- helps calcium to be
deposited
in bones + teeth
- enables calcium to be
absorbed
from
small
intestine
What happens if we have an Excess of Vitamin D (quite rare) ?
- too much
calcium
absorbed = lead to damage of
kidneys
and organs
What happens if we have a deficiency of Vitamin D ?
- Children : bones + teeth won't
strengthen
- bones in leg will
bend
because of
weight
of body = Rickets
- Adults: bones may start to weaken +
break
easily =
osteomalacia.
What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin E ?
Tocopherol
Sources of Vitamin E (tocopherol) : 4 points OSNP
-
olive
oils
-
seeds
-
nuts
-
plant
foods (soya)
Why do we need Vitamin E?
Vitamin E = an
antioxidant
What happens if we have an excess of vitamin
E
?
very rare
What happens if we have a deficiency of vitamin E ?
very
rare
What is the chemical name of (fat soluble) vitamin K ?
Phylloquinone
Sources of Vitamin K (phylloquinone) : 4 points
-
green
,
leafy
veg
-
liver
-
cheese
-
green
tea
Why do we need Vitamin K?
- enables
blood
to
clot
, when body is injured = prevents further loss of blood
What happens if you have a deficiency of Vitamin K (very rare) ?
- can sometimes occur in new - born babies = why they're given a
dose
of
vitamin K
when born.
Why are new-born babies given a dose of vitamin K ?
- they can sometimes
lose
some
blood
internally during birth process.
What are the 2 main groups that vitamins are classified into?
-
Water
soluble vitamins (BC)
-
Fat
Soluble vitamins (ADEK)
What happens to Beta carotene in the liver (vitamin A)?
Beta Carotene
is converted into
retinol
Where is Retinol stored? (vitamin A)
Liver