Food tech: macro nutrients glossary

• MACRONUTRIENT


  - Nutrients which are needed in larger amounts

  - e.g. Fats, protein, carbohydrates

  - measured in g
• MICRONUTRIENT


  - Nutrients needed in smaller amounts

  - e.g Vitamins and Minerals

  - measured in mg
• AMINO ACIDS


  - building blocks of protein that join together to make protein molecules.
• ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS


  - Amino acids that the body cannot make from scratch, so must be eaten.
• HBV (High Biological Value)


  - protein food that contains ALL the essential amino acids.
• LBV (Low Biological Value)


  - protein food is missing 1 or more of the essential amino acids
• PROTEIN COMPLEMENTATION


  - Eating different LBV protein foods together in order to get all the essential amino acids.

  - e.g beans on toast
• DRV (Dietary Reference Values)


  - figures given for the amount of nutrients needed to maintain good health.
• MONOSACCHARIDE


  - group of sugars that are made of ONE sugar molecule.

  - TASTE sweet
• DISACCHARIDES


  - group of sugars that are made of 2 sugar molecules.

  - TASTE sweet
• POLYSACCHARIDE (Complex carbohydrates)


  - group of CARBOHYDRATES that are made from MANY sugar molecules joined together.

  - DON'T taste sweet.
• ADIPOSE TISSUE


  - commonly known as body fat.

  - found all over the body: can be found UNDER the skin, packed around the organs, between muscles, within BONE MARROW and in Breast tissue.
• ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS


  - required for development and cannot be made by the body.
• TRIGLYCERIDE


  - Fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.
• INVISIBLE FAT


  - FAT not clearly seen in food

  - e.g. can be added to a product like butter in pastry
• VISIBLE FAT


  - FAT that can be clearly seen in food.

  - e.g. marbling on steak
• UNSATURATED FAT


  - fatty acids found mainly in liquid OILS.

  - liquid at room temp.

  - healthier than saturated fat.

  - PLANTS
• SATURATED FAT


  - fatty acids found mainly in solid fats

  - Solid at room temperature

  - ANIMALS
• HYDROGENATION


  - process in which vegetable oils are 'HARDENED' to make them solid at room temp.

  - becomes a SATURATED fat.
• TRANSFAT


  - formed when oil goes through a process called HYDROGENATION, which makes the oil solid.
• CHOLESTEROL


  - A fatty substance found in the blood.

  - it's essential for humans but can be harmful.
• What is the role of ANTIOXIDANTS?

  - to protect body cells from damage by free radicals and reducing risk of cancer and heart disease
• Hydrated


  Body has enough water
• Dehydrated


  Body does not have enough water
• Healthy, balanced diet


  - A diet that contains the correct proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water

  - necessary for good health, to grow properly, be active and maintain a healthy body
• Why is a healthy, balanced diet necessary? 4 points

  necessary for:

  - good health

  - to grow properly

  - be active

  - maintain a healthy body
• Energy dense


  food that contains lots of fat and/or Carbohydrate and has high energy value.
• BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)


  amount of energy we need to keep our body alive
• PAL (Physical Activity Level)


  amount of energy we use for movement + physical activity everyday.
• What does BMR stand for?

  basal metabolic rate
• What does PAL stand for?

  physical activity level
• Energy Balance


  amount of energy we get from food each day = amount of energy we use.

  Energy in = energy out
• Life Stages


  phases of development that people go through during their life.

  E.g. infancy (babyhood), Childhood, Adolescence (teenagers), adulthood + elderly
• What are the 6 different life stages?

  - Infancy (babyhood)

  - childhood

  - Adolescence (teenagers)

  - adulthood

  - elderly