LAB

• BLOOD

  -thermoregulation

  -respiratory gas exchange

  -nutrient transport
• Blood Pressure

  • Generated by the contraction of the ventricles
  • It is the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the blood to the walls of the blood vessels.
• Auscultatory method

  • The cuff pressure is inflated quickly to a pressure about 30 mm Hg higher than the systolic pressure determined by the Palpatory method. Then the air is let out of the cuff slowly.
  • At some point the person listening with the stethoscope will begin to hear sounds with each heartbeat. This point marks the systolic pressure. 
  • The sounds are called Korotkoff sounds.
• Blood Pressure

  Auscultatory method

  
• millimetres Mercury (mmHg)

  • Unit for Blood Pressure
• Systole vs Systolic BP

  Systole = Ventricular Contraction

  Systolic Blood Pressure =

  highest pressure attained in arteries during systole
• Diastole vs Diastolic BP

  • Diastole= Ventricular Relaxation
  • Diastolic Blood Pressure=

       lowest arterial pressure during diastole
• Normal Average of BP

  basta yan

  
• Blood Pressure Rangers


  :)

  
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Auscultatory Method

  ang arte ng gizmo

  
• Advantages of using a Digital BP apparatus

  •  portable and compact with very easy operating procedures
  • reduces to the barest minimum the chances of human error
  •  easier to use than aneroid units
  •  digital monitor has a gauge and stethoscope in one unit
  • has an error indicator
  • The blood pressure reading displays on a small screen
  • require little user knowledge and are thus suitable for use by laypersons in non-medical environments
• BP in sitting and supine positions

  • Both males and females had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure when sitting than when lying down.

  
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• Cardiac Output (CO)

  • Total blood flow
  • The volume of blood that circulates through systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels each minute
• Calculation

  ewan ko din

  
• Blood volume

  • amount of blood circulating within an individual depends on their size and weight
  • Average human adult: approx. 5 liters of circulating blood
  • Women tend to have a lower blood volume than men.
  • A woman's blood volume increases by roughly 50% during pregnancy.
• Normal volume of blood in an adult.

  5 liters
• Vascular Resistance

  •  opposes blood flow, is caused by friction between the blood and blood vessel wall

  
• Vascular resistance


  edi write

  
• Ranges for normal and abnormal blood pressure (BP) measurement


  :)

  
• BP changes with exercise

  :_

  
• BP changes with cold exposure

  • cold exposure caused comparable changes, a blood pressure rise and a reduction of forearm blood flow

  
• Effect of beverages to BP

  • Since energy drinks coffee contain caffeine, people who do not normally drink much caffeine might have an exaggerated increase in blood pressure. 
• Systole and diastole determination in the auscultatory method

  hehe

  
• Factors affecting Blood Pressure

  :)

  
• Factors affecting Blood Pressure

  yoko

  
• Factors affecting Blood Pressure

  na

  
• Factors affecting Blood Pressure

  po

  
• Blood pressure in Giraffe

  • 280/180 mm Hg 
  • With a neck that can be longer than six feet, giraffes seemingly should struggle with the consequences of high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, because of their blood's substantial uphill climb from the heart to the brain.