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• Gender


  Socially constructed set of roles and responsibilities associated with being girl and boy or women and men, and in some cultures a third or other gender
• Sex


  Biological characteristics (including genetics, anatomy and physiology) that generally define humans as female or male
• Transgender


  Refers to those trans people who live permanently in their preferred gender, without necessarily needing to undergo any medical intervention/s
• Transsexual


  Refers to people who identifies entirely with the gender role opposite to the sex assigned to at birth and seeks to live permanently in the preferred gender role. Transsexual people might intend to undergo, are undergoing or have undergone gender reassignment treatment (which may or may not involve hormone therapy or surgery)
• Gender equality


  The state or condition that affords women and men equal enjoyment of human rights, socially valued goods, opportunities and resources, allowing both sexes the same opportunities and potential to contribute to, and benefit from, all spheres of society (economic, political, social, and cultural)
• Gender equity


  Justice and fairness in the treatment of women and men in order to eventually achieve gender equality, often requesting differential treatment of women and men (or specific measures) in order to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from sharing a level playing field
• Women's rights


  Entitlements that women have on the basis that they are human, normatively based in several international human rights documents (e.g. The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW))

  
• Gender equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex are fundamental human rights
• Gender equality implies equal enjoyment of rights by man and women
• Patterns of gender inequality

  • Inequalities in political power and representation
  • Inequalities in economic participation and opportunities
• Gender gap


  The difference in any area between women and men in terms of their levels of participation, access to resources, rights, power and influence, remuneration and benefits

  
• The Global Gender Gap Report 2014 benchmarks national gender gaps of 142 countries on economic, political, education- and health-based criteria

  
• Patterns of inequalities exist in areas such as political power and representation, economic participation and opportunities, educational attainment, sexual and domestic violence, and differences in legal status and entitlements
• Patterns of inequalities


  • Inequalities in political power and representation
  • Inequalities in economic participation and opportunities
  • Educational attainment
  • Sexual and domestic violence
  • Differences in legal status and entitlements
• Inequalities in political power and representation

  Women are often underrepresented in formal decision-making structures, including governments, community councils, and policy-making institutions
• Inequalities in economic participation and opportunities

  Women are receiving lower wages for similar work, are more likely to be in low-paid jobs and unsecured work (part-time, temporary, home-based) and are likely to have less access than men to productive assets such as education, skills, property and credit
• Educational attainment


  In most countries women have lower literacy rate, lower level of enrolment in primary, secondary and tertiary education
• Sexual and domestic violence

  Women tend to be more often victims in a form a domestic violence by woman's intimate partner, sexual exploitation through trafficking and sex trade, in wars by an enemy army as a weapon of attempted 'ethnic cleansing'
• Differences in legal status and entitlements

  There are many instances in which equal rights to personal status, security, land, inheritance and employment opportunities are denied to women by law or practice
• Achieving greater equality between women and men will require changes at many levels, including changes in attitudes and relationships, changes in institutions and legal frameworks, changes in economic institutions, and changes in political decision-making structures
• 2014 was a 9th edition of the Global Gender Gap Index

  
• Disaggregated data


  Data broken down by sex, age or other variables to reflect the different needs, priorities and interests of women and men, and their access to and control over resources, services and activities
• Gender blind


  Ignoring or failing to address the gender dimension
• Gender analysis


  The study of differences in the conditions, needs, participation rates, access to resources and development, control of assets, decision-making powers, etc., between women and men in their assigned gender roles
• Gender awareness


  The recognition of the fact that life experience, expectations, and needs of women and men are different, that they often involve inequality and are subject to change
• Gender balance


  Having the same (or a sufficient) number of women and men at all levels within the organization to ensure equal representation and participation in all areas of activity and interest
• Gender focal point


  A person within the organization (field or headquarters) who is identified as being a reference point for issues concerning gender
• Gender roles


  The sets of behaviour, roles and responsibilities attributed to women and men respectively by society which are reinforced at the various levels of the society through its political and educational institutions and systems, employment patterns, norms and values, and through the family
• Gender mainstreaming


  The systematic integration of the respective needs, interests and priorities of men and women in all the organization's policies and activities. This rejects the idea that gender is a separate issue and something to be tacked on as an afterthought
• Feminism


  A collection of movements and ideologies that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women. There are several outdated and false stereotypes on feminism (e.g. feminism meant wanting women to defeat or overtake men into submission)
• Institutions and systems such as family, universities, media, religion, government, law, and educational system create and maintain gender stereotypes
• The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) commits state parties that are signatories to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms

  
• The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action is considered as a blueprint for improving position of women and advancing women's rights