interpretations

• The "US Orthodox" view blames the Soviet Union for who was to blame for the Cold War.
• The "US Orthodox" interpretation was founded during which years?

  late 1940's - early 1960's
• What is the basis of the "US orthodox" interpretation?

  USSR was to blame - caused by aggressive the expansion of soviet leaders
• Why did the "US orthodox" interpretation come about?

  It was created by academics who worked for the US government In an atmosphere of a fierce anti-communist USA
• Which key events harness this anti USSR view?

  • soviet expansionism
  • berlin blockade
  • cuban missile crisis
• who are the key "US orthodox" historians?

  feis and Kennan
• the "US Revisionist" view blames the USA for the Cold War
• The "US Revisionist' interpretation was founded during which years?

  mid 1960's - early 70's
• What is the basis of the "US revisionist" interpretation?

  USA was to blame - caused by aggressive actions of the US
• Why did the "US revisionist" interpretation come about?

  traditional view was challenged largely due to the US' aggressive foreign policy in Vietnam
• Which key events harness this anti USA view

  vietnam war - tet offensive, anti-vietnam media and peace protests
• Which of these are key "US Revisionist" historians?

  Paterson and kolko
• The "Post revisionist" view blames who for the Cold War?

  both the USSR and the USA
• The "Post revisionist" view was founded during which years?

  1970's - 89
• What is the basis of the "Post Revisionist" view?

  they just couldn't understand each other. it was caused by the way they both reacted to the actions of the other side
• Why did the "Post Revisionist" interpretation come about?

  it was a time of intense debate , historians were keen to find a new way of interpreting history

  historians tried to find a common ground between the orthodox and revisionist view
• Which key events harness the "Post Revisionist" view?

  • Detente - trying to build better relations with the USSR and China
  • SALT - strategic arms limitation treaty
• Who is the key Historian who advocated the "post revisionist" view?

  John Lewis Gaddis
• The final interpretation is called what?

  new Cold War historians
• New Cold War historians blame who for the Cold War?

  we still can't be sure, historians do not agree
• New Cold War Historians interpretation was founded during which time period?

  1989 onwards
• Which key event happened in 1989 which allowed historians to gain Soviet archives to harness this view?

  fall of the berlin wall
• When the Cold War ended in 1991 with the complete collapse of Communism, how did this change the views of Historians?

  they were no longer pressured to have a particular view
• John Lewis Gaddis changed his view due to access to the new records in Moscow. Who did he now blame for the Cold War?

  Soviet Union and stalin
• Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe have found evidence to suggest that it was which action of the USA that caused the Soviet Union to form their own defensive block?

  establishment of the Marshall aid
• How did Ronald Reagan have an effect on Historians views on who was to blame for the Cold War?

  calling the USSR the evil empire meant that the US was to blame as his foreign policy was aggressive , but the USSR was to blame as people believed their president
• Post 1989 John Lewis Gaddis interpretation would be known as what interpretation?

  "new Cold War historian" with a "US orthodox" interpretation
• Post 1989 Caroline Kennedy-Pipe interpretation would be known as....


  "new Cold War historian" with a "US revisionist" interpretation