mo2 control and communication

• central nervous systems (CNS)


  consists of brain and spinal cord
• cerebrum


  part of the brain responsible for mental processes e.g. memory, reasoning, conscious thought
• cerebellum


  part of the brain that controls balance and coordination
• medulla


  part of the brain that control heart and breathing rates
• neurons


  nerve cells
• electrical


  type of signal transmitted by neurons
• sensory neuron


  nerve cell that sends electrical impulse from sense organ(receptor) to CNS
• inter neuron


  nerve cell that sends electrical to connect sensory neuron to motor neuron
• motor neuron


  nerve cell that sends electrical impulse from CNS to muscle (or gland)
• synapse


  tiny gap between two neurons
• chemical


  type of signal that crosses synapses
• reflex action


  fast, automatic, protective response
• reflex arc


  neural pathway that controls a reflex action
• endocrine gland


  organ that releases a hormone into the blood
• hormone


  chemical messenger
• receptor protein


  molecule in the plasma membrane of a target tissue cell that detects a hormone
• pancreas


  organ that produces insulin and glucagon
• liver


  organ that stores glucose as glycogen
• glucose


  simple carbohydrate required by all living cells for respiration
• glycogen


  storage carbohydrate in animals
• insulin


  hormone that activates the enzyme that converts glucose to glycogen
• glucagon


  hormone that activates the enzyme that converts glycogen to glucose
• Neuron


  The basic unit of the nervous system that processes and transmits information
• Sensory


  Related to sensation or the ability to perceive stimuli through our senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell)
• Nerve cell


  A type of cell that is responsible for transmitting messages throughout the nervous system
• Sensory neuron


  A type of nerve cell that sends electrical impulses from sense organs to the Central Nervous System (CNS)