geo hazardous earth🌎

• what are the names of three atmospheric cells ?

  1. hadley cell
  2. ferrell cell
  3. polar cell
• how do circulation cells transfer heat energy ?

  air rises at the equator, leading to low pressure and rainfall. When the air reaches the edge of the atmosphere, it cannot go any further and so it travels to the north and south. The air becomes colder and denser, and falls, creating high pressure and dry conditions at around 30° north and south of the equator
• what happens when warm air rises ?

  less pressure created
• what happens when cold air sinks ?

  high pressure created
• what are located within low pressure areas ?

  rainforests with high rainfall
• what are located in high pressure areas ?

  dry and warm weather
• how do ocean currents distribute heat energy ?

  transferred by warm currents from low latitudes to high latitudes. They are set in motion by prevailing winds. As air warms it rises leading to low pressure
• what are isobars ?

  lines joining places with equal sea level pressures on a chart and can identify anticyclones and depressions
• what is pressure measured in ?

  millibars
• what is the coriolis effect ?

  causes a deflation in the global wind patterns. The anticlockwise rotation of the earth deflects winds to the right in the hemisphere and then left in the southern hemispere
• what is the milankovitchs theory ?

  the more circular the earth orbits the warmer the earths climate. More tilt means warmer summers and global temperature is impacted by how close the planet is to the sun (long-term)
• what is the sunspot theory ?

  black spots show that more solar energy is being fired out towards the earth and heats the earth. The black spots show the sun is emitting more radiation than usual (long-term)
• what is the asteroid collision theory ?

  asteroids hit the earth sending tonnes of ash into the atmosphere, this blocks sunlight cooling the climate
• what is the eruption theory ?

  volcanos give out ash and sulphur dioxide gas that the ash can rise to the stratosphere. This blocks out sun rays and cools climate (short-term)
• what is the evidence of tree rings for natures climate change ?

  the wider the rings it represents greater growth during warmer and wetter periods whereas narrow ones suggest cold or drought. Can analyse the climate 100-1000 years ago
• what is the evidence of historical sources for natural climate change ?

  documents like religious sources, paintings or diaries can describe climate of the time. However they can be vague, incomplete and unreliable
• what is the evidence of ice cores for natural climate change ?

  contains layers of ice and oldest at the bottom. Each layer of ice is a year of rainfall. Climatologsits measure the amount of C02 in the ice. The higher it is the warmer the temperatures
• what other factors are in ice cores ?

  1. plankton
  2. precipitation
  3. temperature
  4. sea ice
  5. sun
• how do human activity of farming lead to global warming ?

  1. livestock produce methane that traps heat
  2. paddy rice and cultivation release methane
  3. meat, dairy and egg produce 65% of emissions
• how is human activity of deforestation lead to global warming ?

  involves cutting down trees which limits photosynthesis as trees convert C02 into oxygen
• what are the reasons for deforestation ?

  clear land, farming, settlement, industry
• how is human activity of transport lead to global warming ?

  burning fossil fuels releases C02 to the atmosphere which is caused by cars
• what is the evidence for climate change ?

  1. global temperature rises
  2. oceans are warming
  3. sea levels rising
  4. declining arctic sea
  5. extreme weather events
• what are the characteristics of tropical cyclones ?

  1. heavy rainfall
  2. high wind speeds
  3. storm surges
  4. strong winds in the eye
• what are the physical hazards of tropical cyclones ?

  1. landslides
  2. storm surges
  3. high winds
  4. intense rainfall
• why are some countries more vunerable of tropical cyclones ?

  1. developing countries may lack with low GDP
  2. no tax to government with destroyed businesses
  3. more lives at lost due to poor housing
  4. dont have good prediction technology
  5. no evacuation strategy
• what are the consequences of global warming ?

  1. biodiversity loss
  2. more droughts
  3. loss of glaciers
  4. extreme weather
• what are ways to prepare for a tropical cyclone ?

  1. forecasting
  2. satellite technology
  3. evacuations
  4. storm surge defences
• what is the greenhouse effect ?

  natural process which keeps the earth warm and trap solar radiation
• what gases are in the greenhouse effect ?

  oxygen, water vapour, nitrogen and C02
• what is the enhanced human effect ?

  human activity that has increased the amount of greenhouse gases. Earth absorbs more solar radiation and earth gets warmer
• what is the saffir simpson scale ?

  tropical cyclones rated on the five point scale based on wind speeds

  
• details about typhoon haiyan

  occurred on 2/11/13

  was a category 5 storm

  winds were up to 195mph-145mph

  main affected south east asia

  started in the pacific ocean
• what are the social impacts of typhoon haiyan ?

  1. 6340 dead and 1779 missing
  2. 20 bodies found daily
  3. 16 million homes destroyed
  4. 49,000 received rice
  5. theft and attacks made
  6. 10,000 dead in tacloban
• what are the economical impact of typhoon haiyan ?

  1. damage to roads and airports
  2. no building on the high street left = no jobs
  3. cost of damaged exceeded £2 billion
  4. 6 million lost their income
  5. farmers lost their jobs
• what are the environmental impacts of typhoon haiyan ?

  1. oil spill as oil station collapsed
  2. outbreak of diseases
  3. oil contaminated 10 hectares of mangroves
  4. 1.1 million crops destroyed
  5. flooding caused landslides
• what is the preparation to typhoon haiyan ?

  1. authorities moved 800,000 people to evacuation centres
  2. forecasting
  3. aid was ready
  4. warning in the palau and yap state but was ignored
• what was the response to typhoon haiyan ?

  1. government televised to people to evacuate
  2. curfew due to looting
  3. 1,200 evacuation centres for homeless
  4. refuge in the stadium in tacoban
  5. makeshift hospital
• details on hurricane katrina

  1. catagory 4 storm
  2. gained strength along the gulf coast
  3. occurred on 29/8/2015
  4. wind speeds started at 75mph then 125mph
• what are the economical impacts of hurricane katrina ?

  1. repairs and construction cost over £105 billion
  2. storm destroyed 30 oil platforms costing the country billions
  3. jobs disappeared
  4. insurance companies raised the cost or stopped insuring homeowners due to high pay out costs