Chemistry Paper 1

• What is an element?


  A substance containing only one type of atom
• What is a compound?

  A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together

  e.g H20
• What is a mixture?

  A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. e.g air
• What is filtration?

  Separation of solid particles from a liquid e.g sand from water
• What does evaporation do in separating things?

  Leaves behind crystals of dissolved substance
• What is distillation?

  Condensing the evaporating solvent and collecting it
• What is fractional distillation?

  Sepersting liquids due to their different melting points
• What did JJ Thompson create?

  Plum pudding model
• What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

  The atomic nucleus was small and positively charged.
• What did Niels Bohr and James Chadwick discover?

  Bohr found out electrons exist in shells and Chadwick discovered necleus contains neutrons
• What is the atomic number?

  The number of protons in an atom's nucleus ( bottom number)
• What’s the mass number?

  Number of protons and neutrons in necleus (top number)
• What did Mendeleev discover?

  Periodic table
• What’s the electron configuration?

  2,8,8,2
• What do metals always do?

  Donate electrons to gain an empty outer shell to form positive ions
• What do non metals always do?

  Gain electrons to form a full outer shell and form negative ions
• What is Group 1 called?

  Alkali Metals
• What happens as you go down the group 1?

  They get more reactive because the force of attraction is less
• What are Group 7 called?

  Halogens
• What is Group 0 called?

  Noble gases
• What happens as you go down Group 7?

  They get less reactive because the boiling point is increasing
• What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?

  Neutralisation happens which means a salt and water is produced
• How do metals bond to each other?

  They form a lattice of ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
• What happens when all bonds are broken in a reaction?

  New ones are formed
• What does the universal indicator do?


  Gives you an indication of Ph by changing colour
• What’s a fullerene?


  Used for electronics,composites and medical purposes
• What is giant covalent bonding?


  Structures that consist of repeating units of atoms to make giant molecules
• What is covalent bonding?

  Sharing of electrons between atoms
• What is ionic bonding 


  Transfer of electrons between atoms
• What’s graphite 


  Allotrope of carbon with delocalised electrons that form weak bonds between layers
• What is an isotope?


  Same element different types of neutrons