key concepts

• Anaphylaxis: A child aged 6-11 years should be administered adrenaline at a dose of 300 micrograms (0.3ml), repeated every 5 minutes if necessary
• A HIV test should be offered to all patients with TB
• Patients with an uncertain tetanus vaccination history should be given a booster vaccine + immunoglobulin, unless the wound is very minor and < 6 hours old
• AFB smear is not specific for TB - all mycobacteria will stain positive
• For patients with gonorrhoea, a combination of oral cefixime + oral azithromycin is used if the patient refuses IM ceftriaxone
• Do not treat asymptomatic bacteria in catheterised patients
• One of the sequelae of diphtheria is cardiovascular disease; notably heart block
• Rabies - following possible exposure give immunglobulin + vaccination
• Supportive therapy is the mainstay of treatment in Cryptosporidium diarrhoea
• Painless genital ulcer - syphilis
• Positive non-treponemal test + negative treponemal test is consistent with a false-positive syphilis result
• The most common triggers for anaphylactic reactions in children are food items
• Refractory anaphylaxis is defined as respiratory and/or cardiovascular problems persisting despite 2 doses of IM adrenaline
• IM adrenaline should be injected in the anterolateral aspect of themiddle third of the thigh
• Anaphylaxis: A child aged 6-11 years should be administered adrenaline at a dose of 300 micrograms (0.3ml), repeated every 5 minutes if necessary
• Preceding influenza predisposes to Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
• Macrolides such as clarithromycin are used to treat Legionella
• Men with lower UTIs should be treated for 7 days
• The incubation period of Ebola virus is 2-21 days
• For symptomatic schistosomiasis patients the gold standard for diagnosis is urine or stool microscopy looking for eggs
• Mycoplasma? - serology is diagnostic
• Most common organism found in central line infections - Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Severe cellulitis should be treated with co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, clindamycin or ceftriaxone
• Schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel
• E. coli is the most common cause of travellers' diarrhoea
• The diagnosis of cellulitis is clinical. No further investigations are required in primary care.
• Primary genital herpes infections are often more severe than recurrent episodes
• Send an MSU for all women with a suspected UTI if associated with visible or non-visible haematuria
• The treatment of botulism - supportive care and botulism antitoxin
• Immunocompetent patients with toxoplasmosis don't usually require treatment
• Oral allergy syndrome is strongly linked with pollen allergies and presents with seasonal variation
• All patients with a new diagnosis of anaphylaxis should be referred to a specialist allergy clinic
• An MSU should be sent for all women over > 65-years-old with a suspected urinary tract infection
• Refractory anaphylaxis is defined as respiratory and/or cardiovascular problems persisting despite 2 doses of IM adrenaline
• Young adult with sore throat, fever, lethargy, cervical lymphadenopathy persisting > 1 week → ?infectious mononucleosis
• Linezolid is the second line antibiotic to treat MRSA
• Retro-orbital headache, fever, facial flushing, rash, thrombocytopenia in returning traveller → ? dengue
• Flucloxacillin is the first line therapy for cellulitis
• Men who have sex with men should be offered immunisation against hepatitis A
• Glandular fever: avoid contact sports for 4 weeks