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MycoViro
Lesson 3.2
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Cards (18)
fungal infections of the
deeper
tissues
which includes but not limited to the
dermis
,
subcutaneous
fat
and
muscles.
Subcutaneous mycoses
-They invade
deeper
into
tissues
, trigger
inflammatory
or
immunologic
reactions.
-generally caused by a single specie or small group of fungi.
Subcutaneous mycoses
-transmitted through skin trauma/prick:
farming
,
gardening
,
forest work
,
mining
-environmental pathogens
-from
soil
,
water
,
vegetable
or
organic matter
-produces
granules
which are collected from
biopsy
(stain:
H&E
/
PAS
)
*Characteristics of
Dermatophytoses
Etiologic Agent:
Sporothrix
schenckii
present in
soil
, vegetable/organic matter
nodular
and ulcerative lesions along lymphatics that drain the primary site of
inoculation
(cord-like w/ multiple draining sinus tracts)
dissemination to other sites is rare (<1%)
on direct detection, they may appear as
cigar-shaped
yeasts
(
smear
) and manifest
Splendore-Hoeppli
phenomenon (
biopsy
)
Sporothrichosis
/
Rose Gardener's
Disease
rosette
/
flowerette conidia
Culture for Sporotrichosis
Etiologic Agent:
Rhinosporidiosis
Polyploidy
masses in
nose
/
pharynx
seen in
water
(*)Tissue:
sporangium-sac-like
structure filled with
endospores
Rhinosporidiosis
Etiologic Agent:
Loboa
loboi
Keloid-like
subcutaneous nodule involving the
extremities
Tissue: multiple
budding
cells in
chain
/ "
string of beads
"
does NOT grow in culture
Lobomycosis
aka verrucous dermatitis or chromomycosis
chronic, pruritic, progressive, indolent infection that is resistant to treatment
exhibits verrucous nodules progressing to multiple, large, warty, "cauliflower-like" lesions in long term
complications: fibrosis, secondary lymphedema, secondary bacterial infection
Chromoblastomycosis
brown sclerotic
/
copper
/
medlar
/
fission bodies
AKA
musiform
cells
Direct Exam of Biopsy in Chromoblastomycosis reveals
dematiaceous
fungi
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Phialophora verrucosa
Cladosporium carrionii
Exophiala
spp
Cladophialophora
spp
Rhinocladiella
spp
Agents in Chromoblastomycosis
short chain
(
acrotheca
) - most common cause
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
vase
/flask-shaped
Phialophora verrucosa
long
chain (shield cell)
Cladosporium carrionii
granulomatous
lesions on foot with granules containing
mycelial
masses, sinuses with grains ("
sulfur
granules")
Eumycotic
Mycetoma/
Madura foot
/
Madura mycosis
Pseudallescheria
boydii
- common cause (US)
Madurella spp
Leptosphaeria spp
Phaeoacremonium spp
Curvularia spp
Fusarium spp
Exophiala spp
Scedosporium spp
Etiologic agents of Eumycotic Mycetoma
Nocardia
spp - modified acid-fast
Actinomyces
spp - sulfur granules
Etologic Agents
of Actinomycotic Mycetoma
usually
painless
solitary
inflammatory cyst on legs, feet, and hands
grows slowly and may be firm or fluctant
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
Alternaria
spp
Bipolaris
spp
Curvularia
spp
Phaeoacremonium
spp
Exophiala
jeanselmei
Etiologic Agents of Subcutaneous Phaeaohyphomycosis