B3 biology🌱

Created by

Kaifa Tabassum🌺

Cards (57)

what are pathogens ?
microorganisms that cause infectious diseases and can infect animals or humans
how can pathogens be spread ?
air, water or direct contact
why are bacteria bad ?
they reproduce rapidly and produce toxins that damage tissues
why are viruses bad ?
reproduce rapidly and live and reproduce inside cells causing cell damage
what is measles ?
a viral disease
what are the symptoms of measles ?
fever and red skin rash
what is the treatment of measles ?
vaccination to children
how is measles spread ?
by airbourne droplets of sneezes and coughs
what is HIV ?
viral disease
what are the symptoms of HIV ?
flu like symptoms but if not treated then it attacks the immune cells
what is HIV called at a later stage ?
AIDS and its when bodys immune cells are badly damaged and can no longer deal with other infections
how is HIV spread ?
sexual contact or exchange of body fluids eg needles
what is the treatment of HIV ?
wearing a condom or antiretrovirals
what is TMV ?
viral disease and is a widespread plant pathogen affecting plant species
what are the signs of TMV ?
distinctive ‘mosaic‘ pattern of discolouration reducing photosynthesis growth
what is salmonella ?
bacterial disease
how is salmonella spread ?
bacteria ingested by food of on food prepared in unhygienic conditions
how is salmonella prevented ?
vaccination of poultry in the uk and better food preparation
what are the symptoms of salmonella ?
fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea caused by toxins they secrete
what is gonorrhea ?
bacterial sexually transmitted disease
what are the symptoms gonorrhea ?
green discharge or pain when urinating
how is gonorrhea treated ?
antibiotic of penicillin or condoms
what is rose black spot ?
fungal disease
what are the signs of rose black spot ?
purple spots develop on leaves which turn yellow and drop off early. It affects the growth of plants as photosynthesis is reduced
how is rose black spot spread ?
wind or water
how can rose black spot be prevented ?
removing or destroying infected leaves and fungicides
what is malaria ?
protist disease were a mosquito has a life cycle of a protist
what are the symptoms of malaria ?
recurrent fevers and can be fatal
how can malaria be prevented ?
mosquito nets and stop the breeding of vectors
what is the job of the human defense system ?
prevent pathogens from the body
how can our skin prevent pathogens ?
form as a protective layer as outer layer consists of dead cells making it hard for pathogens to penetrate. It also produces sebrum which kill bacteria
how can our nose prevent pathogens ?
contains hairs and mucus that can trap pathogens before entering the breathing system
how can our trachea and bronchi prevent pathogens ?
covered in tiny hairs called cilia wich are covered in mucus and trap pathogens. The cilia waft the mucus up the throat where it is swallowed in the stomach
how does our stomach prevent pathogens ?
contains hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens before they go further down
what might happen if a pathogen enters the body ?
they can multiply and damage healthy tissue
how does phagocytosis prevent pathogens ?
the white blood cells detect chemicals released and moves to it. They then ingest the pathogen and then use enzymes to destroy it
how do antibodies prevent pathogens ?
there protein molecules that stick on pathogens and triggers it to be gone. They are extremely specific and do not protect other pathogens. They remain in the blood for a long time to protect us again
how do antitoxins prevent pathogens ?
white blood cells produce antitoxins and they stick to toxin molecules preventing damage to cells
what is a vaccination ?
introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of pathogens in the body
how do vaccinations work ?
the white blood cells are now stimulate to produce antibodies against the pathogen and at the same time white blood cells divide by mitosis to produce copies