1.3.5

• tertiary economy known as service economy incs education, retail and public adminstration
• why is there a concentration of retail, commerce, and entertainment in CBD?

  densley populated large catchment area

  more accessible

  access large workforce

  new technology and infastructure
• Durham

  infastructure bus and train station

  elevt highest average wage £40800

  110000 students

  16.9% wants job

  72.4% unemployed

  average wage county durham £28100
• benefits of cbd:

  proximity: infastructure, more jobs, knowledge spill over

  agglomeration: accessibility better shops, better chance to compare, highly qualified labour pools

  high pay due to accessibility
• gentrification is the decline in industrial areas and tertirisation occurs area is made more desirable by internal and external stakeholders resulting in positive feedback cycle as the locals are put at risk and are more vulnerable as they are unable to more affluent prices
• main reason for gentrification

  government willing to make property and land available to investors
• why is gentrification good for wealthy?

  have money to invest

  able to afford luxuries

  socially included

  lead to hyper gentrification even middle class cannot afford lifestyle
• why is gentrification bad for the poor?

  dont have the funds

  unable to afford housing

  social exclusion and cycle of deprivation

  have to move to poorer postcodes such as Grenfell dangerous 50 killed 2017
• reasons for gentrification:

  area has life compared to before, want to renew history

  large manufacturing service gone advance through kondrateiv waves and clark fisher model

  council committed to growth

  singh sandy turned old buildings into apartments
• reasons against gentrification:

  manufacturers and workshop rely on each other harder for people to pay rent

  rent went up by 75% last 12 yrs James Wellman

  industry skills die out

  cycle deprivation
• death of the high street :

  retail only succeed if people live and work there (re-urbanisation), or if people are attracted to the area. peoples shopping habits have changed moved online for convience. decline wages shopper have less money to spend. lack accessibility parking and infastructure
• 2008 to 2018 32 main retail failures affected 12,700 stores and 175,000 employees. 2018 Toys R us and poundland reduce importance of town centre. 2019 18% retail sales online
• the mailings ouesburn

  kept toffee factory

  property developer igloo sustainable and efficient energy

  gentrified

  was centre heavy industry in decline 30yrs

  designed 5 fingers has gardens and open space

  englion heritage board preserve built in environment so area looks similar to before gentrification

  cost £250000

  76 houses 1 flat in development