English language paper 1 vocabulary

• Pleasant smells

  • pungent aroma
  • waft of...
  • unforgettable smell
  • enticing smell
  • ambrosial (fit for the Gods)
  • aromatic (pleasant)
• unpleasant smells

  • fetid (unpleasant)
  • rancid (disgusting)
  • noxious (poisonous)
  • repugnant (revolting)
• sun

  • iridescent rays
  • blazing heat radiated
  • the sun derided (laughed at mockingly) at its breathless victims
  • ignites a jovial glow
  • fiery hues are born from its eternal flame
• sun pt2

  • intoxicating heat
  • blessed the day once more with its effortless elegance
  • it hurls itself at the bleak day, providing a source of hope in the hopelessness that was growing
• snow

  • jagged hailstones felt like daggers
  • porcelain powder
  • obscuring
  • merciless
  • blankets of alabaster pillows were formed as the snow gently slept on the ground
• rain

  • a vigorous storm erupted, engulfed with rage
  • God's tears streamed down his cheeks forming puddles on his own creation.
  • the solitary droplets crave for togetherness as they fall
  • it quenched the voracious soil
  • translucent droplets shimmer an amethyst glow against the opalescent horizon
  • drench (bleak)
• rain pt2

  • the rain welcomes hostility as it creates a cover of misery to shroud the town
  • washing away sins and melancholy from each tracked road
  • fragile droplets came crashing down creating a bellowing sound of thudding
• foggy/clouds

  • the clouds cascaded across the lifeless sky
  • myriad of dense boulders
  • the clouds danced with the murky fog; a choreographed routine conducted by the soft breeze
  • an opaque block of clouds rolled in like boulders
  • a blanket of mist shrouded the helpless forest
  • discordantly (disagreeing) travelling across the aqua sky
• happiness

  • elated/ elation
  • zealous (enthusiasm)
  • exultant
  • jubilant
  • convival
  • VIVACIOUS
• COLOUR

  • prismatic (multicolour)
  • ebony (dark black)
  • azure (Bright blue)
  • fluorescent (bright)
• Nouns


  person, place, or thing
• Verbs


  Show action or state of being
• Adjectives and adverbs


  words that describe or modify., Adjectives describe things (nouns and pronouns) and adverbs describe action (verbs).
• Pronouns and Antecedents


  is a word that stands for noun, a noun phase or another pronoun known as the pronouns antecedent.

  Example:

  -Number(single or Plural)

  -Person(first, second, third)

  -Gender(Feminine, Masculine, or Neuter)
• Prepositions


  a word that shows a relationship between nouns or pronouns and some other words in a sentence
• Determiners: Examples


  Examples with determiner phrases in italics: a little dog, the little dogs (indefinite or definite article) this little dog, those little dogs (demonstrative) my little dogs, their little dog (possessive adjective) Sheila's little dog, the Queen of England's little dog (noun phrase + 's) every little dog, each little dog, some little dog, either dog (quantifying)

  'the','an'','a
• Conjunctions (FANBOYS)


  FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, and SO

  There are seven coordinating conjunctions that connect words, phrases, and clauses.
• Lexis & Semantics


  related words e.g books, pens, teachers,pupils belong to the semantic field of school
• Phonology


  the sound system of the language, including the sounds that are used and how they may be combined
• Pragmatics of language


  "practical" rules of using language

  
  

  the meaning of words and grammar used semantically, except within context (inferred meanings); taking turns speaking

  
  

  -->idioms "he could eat a horse"=hungry
• Grammar


  in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
• Discourse Community


  a group of people who share common goals, a public forum, common knowledge, and a specialised language
• Graphology


  the study of handwriting and how it relates to a person's character
• Context


  the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.
• Audience


  One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.
• Genre


  a major category or type of literature e.g text A is a newspaper article
• Mode


  How the text is received, it's features and if it's spoken or received
• Register


  style of the text
• Purpose


  One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.
• Representation


  portrayal of events, people and circumstances through language and other meaning making resources e.g images and sound
• Audience position


  concept of writer/speaker imagining audience, look at assumptions made about the audience and the tenor of the text
• Subject position


  The perspective from which events or issues are perceived and recounted.
• Tenor


  The relationship between the writer and the audience in a text

  can be close, distant, intimate, e.g
• Close Tenor Pronouns


  'you','us','we
• Production (the writer)


  - subject positioning, what perspective is the writer writing from?

  - individual ideas/knowledge/experience

  - gender/social background

  - social/historical events

  - mode, how will the text be received?

  - degree of planning
• Reception (the audience)


  - audience positioning, how the writer imagines the audience vs the actual reader and audience

  -individual idea/knowledge/experience of audience

  -social/historical events

  - does the text rely on any 'shared cultural understanding'?

  - mode, how is it received and how does this affect it's meaning?
• Written Language


  - received via the eyes

  - is permanent, can be checked again and again

  - is impersonal, writer doesn't know who will read it

  - is delayed, takes time to write before it's received

  - is planned and structured

  - usually uses Standard English and Grammar

  - more able to use low frequency lexis

  - is asynchronous
• Spoken Language


  - received via the ears

  - is temporary, we retain it in memory

  - is personal, speaker is addressing an individual/group

  - is immediate, it's heard simultaneously to being said

  - is spontaneous, not usually planned

  - isn't always full/ correct grammatical structures but it's in utterances

  - includes more high frequency lexis

  - is synchronous
• Synchronous/Asynchronous


  Synchronous - everyone has to be there at the same time

  Asynchronous - you don't have to be there at the same time
• High Frequency/Low Frequency Lexis

  High Frequency Lexis - common words

  Low Frequency Lexis - uncommon words