Personality

• Criticisms of Psychodynamic Theory

  1. Product of victorian error

  2. Sexist

  3. Limited evidence for defense mechanisms

  4. Limited supporting evidence

  5. Not falsifiable
• What are Freuds two theory's relating to personality

  -Psychodynamic theory

  -Psychosexual theory
• Behaviourist theory of personality agreed with Freuds idea of what.

  Deterministic: we don't consciously choose how we behave.

  
  

  Behaviour determined by unconscious processes.
• Main criticism of banduras social learning theory

  Cognition being in central role with influence of expectancies does not account for social learning in animals
• Humanistic approach


  How positive motivations can be related to expression of personality
• Skinner and Freud disagreed on what point in regards to development of personality

  Freud: unconscious processes happen outside level of awareness (ID)

  
  

  Skinner: unconscious things that affect us are in the environment that reinforce or punish us. Not conscious of these bc unaware of immediate influences on our behaviour
• Define humeral theory


  Characterisation of personality based on humor in excess in the body.
• What are the different stages of psychological development (psychosexual theory)

  1. Oral stage (0-1)

  2. Anal stage (2-3)

  3. Phalic stage (4-5)

  4. Latency stage (6-12)

  5. Genital stage (puberty onwards)
• What's the 3 aspects of psychodynamic theory

  Physic determinism

  Symbolic meaning

  Unconscious motivation
• Freudian defense mechanisms


  repression

  regression,

  displacement,

  denial,

  reaction formation,

  rationalization,

  projection,

  sublimation

  Identification with the aggressor

  Intellectualism
• What's the dominant theoretical model of personality

  Trait models

  
  

  Used for research, employment, clinical setting.
• What are the 3 levels of consciousness according to Freud

  1. Conscious

  2. Pre conscious

  3. Unconscious
• Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory

  Self-Actualization

  Aesthetic needs

  Cognitive needs

  Esteem needs

  Attachment needs

  Safety needs

  Physiological needs
• Humoural theory types


  Type theory

  
  

  -Choleric (yellow bile)

  -Melancholic (black bile)

  -Phlegmatic (Plegm)

  -Sanguine (blood)
• Choleric (humoral theory)


  Bad tempered and irritable
• Behavioural theories of personality: where skinner and Freud differ (summarise)


  Skinner: Unconscious variables in environment

  
  

  Freud: unconscious processes inaccessible in ID.
• "You can't ask questions about thinking, because you can't measure thinking"

  Behaviourist view
• Personality is defined as what by Bandura


  Interaction between a persons:

  
  

  Traits

  Thoughts

  Environment their behaviour is expressed in
• Reciprocal determinism


  Refers to fact that:

  
  

  Behavioural

  Cognitive &

  Environmental variables

  
  

  Interact to produce personality.
• melancholic (humoral theory)


  Gloomy and pessimistic
• Phlegmatic (humoral theory)


  Sluggish, calm, unexcitable
• Sanguine (humoral theory)


  Cheerful and passionate
• Rogers believed personality was a function of what?

  -Organism (person)

  -The self (self concept)

  -conditions of worth
• What's humanistic psychology also known as

  Positive psychology
• Main theorists of humanistic psychology

  Carl rogers

  Abraham Maslow
• Inconsistency's between self concept and what that person is actually like represents what factor of personality development ?

  Conditions of worth

  
  

  Carl Roger's (positive/humanistic theory of personality)
• What's positive psychology


  How positive motivations are related to expression of personality
• Two approaches to personality

  -Nomothetic approach

  -Idiographic approach
• What determines personality according to bandura

  Expectations
• Causes of personality


  -Genetic

  -Shared environment

  -Non shared environment
• Roger's Theory of Personality: personality is a function of what 3 factors


  -The organism

  -The self

  -Conditions of worth
• What's conditions of worth

  Expectations or societal rules of behaviour
• What's the problem with societal expectations of behaviours

  Barriers to positive personality development.

  
  

  When there's no expectations the personality development can be fully realised

  
  

  Conditions of worth leads to inconsistency between "self concept" and what they're "actually like"
• Psychic determinism


  Behaviour driven by unconscious processes.

  
  

  Dreams, erotic symptoms and Freudian slips of the tongue represent deep psychological conflicts.
• Symbolic meaning


  Meaning in everything.

  
  

  Mostly sexual meaning
• Unconscious motivation


  Mind is like an iceberg with three levels

  
  

  Conscious mind

  Pre conscious mind

  Unconscious mind
• Does Maslows hierarchy of needs follow the scientific method

  No self actualisation is unable to be tested as it's subjective and descriptive.
• Humoral theory is what kind of model of personality


  Type model
• What model of personality is introvert and extrovert

  Type
• Traits


  Trait theorists think traits are factors responsible for CAUSING patterns of behaviour and that traits reside in our brains.