3rd Quarter

• What does GDV stand for?

  Dermal Ground Vascular Tissues
• A cell is the fundamental unit of life
• A tissue is a group of cells consisting of one or more cell types that together perform a specialized function
• An organ consists of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions
• Plants take up water and minerals from below ground
• Plants take up CO2 and light from above ground
• What are the three basic organs evolved to facilitate efficient resource acquisition?

  Roots, Stems, Leaves
• The organs are organized into a root system and a shoot system
• The shoot system includes stems and leaves
• Roots rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system
• Shoots rely on water and minerals absorbed by the root system
• A root is an organ with important functions which are?

  Anchoring the plant
• The primary root is the first to emerge from the seed
• Lateral roots branch off form the primary root improving anchorage and water absorption
• Tall plants and large shoots masses generally have a taproot system
• The taproot usually develops form the primary root and functions in anchoring the plant in the soil
• Fibrous root systems prevent soil erosion by holding topsoil in place
• Roots, stems, and leaves are composed of three tissue types, which are?

  Dermal, Vascular, and Ground tissues
• A stem is a plant organ bearing the leaves and buds
• Stems consists of an alternating system of nodes and internodes
• Nodes are the points at which leaves are attached
• Internodes are the stem segments between nodes
• The growing shoot tip, or apical bud, causes elongation of a young shoot
• An axillary bud is a structure that has the potential to form a lateral branch, thorn, or flower
• The primary function of the stem is to elongate and orient the shoot to maximize photosynthesis
• The leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants
• A leaf generally consists of a flattened blade and a stalk, the petiole, which joins the leaf to the stem
• Monocots and eudicots differ in the arrangement of the veins, the vascular tissue of leaves. Most monocots have parallel veins, and Most eudicots have branching or net-like veins
• Leaf shape, arrangements of veins and spatial pattern of leaves van help with plant identification: may be simple or compound
• Natural Selection molded plant structure to support function at the organ, tissue, and cellular levels
• At the organ level

  1. Leaves: provide surface area

  2. Stems: support and elevate

  3. Roots: anchor and absorb
• Atthetissue level

  1. Dermal Tissue: protects organs

  2. Ground Tissue: carries out photosynthesis

  3. Vascular Tissue: supports and transports
• At the cellular level

  1. Photosynthetic Cells: contain chloroplasts

  2. Tube-shaped Cells: transport resources

  3. Cells with root hairs: increase surface area
• DERMALTISSUE is the outer protective covering of plants
• Epidermis, the single tissue layer in nonwoody plants. Usually consists of a single layer of tightly packed cells
• In roots, water and minerals absorbed from the soil enter through epidermis
• Cuticle covers epidermis. Waxy epidermal coating, helps prevent

  water loss and protects leaves
• Periderm Protective coat that replaces the epidermis in older regions of woody stems and roots
• Consists of cork cambium and cork?

  Periderm
• Trichome Hairlike outgrowths of epidermal cells that help reduce water loss, reflect light, and defend against insects