new labour policies

• globalisation

  the increased interconnectedness between people and nation states includes technological, economic and cultural interconnectedness
• how could globalisation impact upon the education system

  increase international students

  changing culture

  easier comparison of different education systems

  increased international schools

  increased use of technology

  increased opportunities for marketisation

  increased opportunities for private companies to become involved in education

  increased opportunities for UK organisations to establish themselves overseas

  increased diversity of school students
• PISA

  UK 2018 - reading 14th (22nd 2015), science 14th (15th 2015), maths 18th (27th 2015)

  UK 2022 - maths 11th, reading 13th, science 13th
• stats

  England - 66% of young people said they're sometimes always worried compared with OECD average of 50%

  UK strong culture of individual competition rather than co-operation

  2022 - 48% of pupils in England rated overall life satisfaction 7/10
• migration and multiculturalism

  increased migration part of globalisation

  increased school rolls

  on average, immigrants increase rates of progress

  more multicultural

  more schools supporting students with english as a second language
• Butler Act 1944


  established tripartite system with students needing to pass the 11+ to access the best schools - left girls largely disadvantaged in education, pass mark on the 11+ higher for girls than boys
• national curriculum introduction


  ensured all students had equal access to important subjects

  gave girls access to subjects they had not always had access to previously
• GIST and WISE


  campaigns that give girls role models and encourage stem subjects
• GCSE reform

  replacing coursework with exams

  disadvantaged girls, previously did better in coursework

  boys are still outperformed by females
• new labour 1997

  address class inequality caused by 1988 education reform act

  focused on promoting greater diversity within education ensuring students from all backgrounds had the same opportunities

  aimed to do this through compensatory education
• labour policies

  free childcare for every preschool child 3+ - moving to 30 hours for 9 months+

  means tested fee for university courses
• coalition government 2010-2015

  abolition of EMA - Educational Maintenance Allowance

  tripling university fees

  pupil premium
• pupil premium 2011


  sum of money given to schools each year by the government to improve the attainment of disadvantaged children

  eligibility: qualified FSM, previously looked after by local authority/state care, from service families
• unlikely pupil premium is sufficient to make up for pandemic

  a lot of schools spend money to plug gaps in school funding, spending it on general school needs

  lack of school funding is the problem, pupil premium doesn't make up for this

  spent on learning assistants - not the most efficient way