Textbook

• Organic Chemistry


  The study of carbon-based compounds
• Organic chemists


  • Synthetic organic chemists
  • Bioorganic chemists
  • Natural products chemists
  • Physical organic chemists
  • Organometallic chemists
  • Computational chemists
  • Materials chemists
• Electron configuration


  The arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals
• Ionic bonding


  Bonding that occurs when atoms transfer electrons from one to another
• Covalent bonding


  Bonding that occurs when atoms share electrons
• Dipole moment


  The separation of charge within a molecule
• Hybrid orbitals


  Orbitals formed by the mixing of atomic orbitals
• Sigma and pi bonding

  Types of covalent bonding
• Lewis structures


  Diagrams that show the arrangement of atoms and their bonding in a molecule
• Drawing resonance structures


  1. Identify resonance contributors

  2. Draw resonance structures following rules

  3. Assign importance to resonance structures
• Acid-base definitions


  • Arrhenius acids and bases
  • Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases
  • Lewis acids and bases
• pKa


  A quantitative scale of acidity
• Functional groups


  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
  • Aromatics
  • Halides
  • Alcohols
  • Thiols
  • Ethers
  • Aldehydes
  • Ketones
  • Carboxylic acids
  • Esters
  • Amides
  • Amines
  • Nitriles
• Organic Chemistry I Workbook For Dummies® is a book to help students learn organic chemistry
• Thiols


  What stinks?
• Aldehydes


  Living on the edge
• Ketones


  Stuck in the middle
• Esters


  Sweet-smelling compounds
• Amides


  I am what I amide
• Amines


  Be nice, don't be amine person
• Test Your Knowledge
• Stereochemistry


  Seeing in 3-D
• Drawing Molecules in 3-D

  • Comparing Stereoisomers and Constitutional Isomers
• Enantiomers


  Mirror Image Molecules
• Chiral Centers


  Seeing Chiral Centers
• Assigning Configurations to Chiral Centers

  1. Prioritizing the substituents

  2. Putting the number-four substituent in the back

  3. Drawing the curve
• Meso Compounds


  The Consequences of Symmetry
• Plane-Polarized Light


  Rotating Plane-Polarized Light
• Diastereomers


  Multiple Chiral Centers
• Representing 3-D Structures on Paper

  Fischer Projections
• Rules for using Fischer projections
• Seeing stereoisomerism with Fischer projections
• Spotting meso compounds with Fischer projections
• Keeping the Jargon Straight
• Alkanes


  What's in a Name?
• Straight-Chain Alkanes


  • Reaching Out: Branching Alkanes
• Drawing Alkanes


  Converting a Name to a Structure
• Conformation of Straight-Chain Alkanes

  • Newman! Conformational analysis and Newman projections
  • Conformations of butane
• Cycloalkanes


  • The stereochemistry of cycloalkanes
  • Conformations of cyclohexane
• Reacting Alkanes: Free-Radical Halogenation

  1. Getting things started: Initiation

  2. Keeping the reaction going: Propagation

  3. You're fired: Termination steps