Lesson 2

• The 5 stages of reading(Tompkins, 2014)


  1. Pre-reading

  2. Reading

  3. Responding

  4. Exploring

  5. Applying
• The 5 stages of writing

  1. Pre-writing

  2. Drafting

  3. Revising

  4. Editing

  5. Publishing
• Techniques in selecting and organizing information

  The use of graphic organizers is a useful reading technique. In writing, you should be familiar with the different patterns of development and their conventions, which have the same components as the graphic organizers.
• Graphic organizers


  • They are useful for organizing information in reading and writing
• Time pattern organizer


  Used when the ideas in a text need to be arranged chronologically such as in short stories and procedures
• Listing pattern organizer


  Used when the writer provides a series of details that does not require an order
• Classification pattern organizer


  Used when the writer divides a group into subgroups or smaller groups
• Comparison and contrast pattern organizer


  Used when the writer shows the similarities and differences between two or more subjects
• Venn diagram


  In using Venn Diagram, put similarities of the subjects in the overlapping area while the distinctive qualities or differences in the non-overlapping areas
• Cause and effect pattern diagram


  Used when the writer intends to express why something happened or what resulted in that particular event
• Generalization and example pattern organizer

  Used when the writer explains a general idea and discusses it using specific terms then presents examples
• Definition pattern organizer


  Used when the writer provides a meaning of a new or difficult word
• Patterns of development


  Structures that writers use to organize their ideas
• Knowing the different patterns of development will help you arrange your ideas into an outline, which will be your guide in creating a first draft of your text
• In writing an outline, you must organize the hierarchy of the ideas that you will arrange. You should be familiar with your subject so that you can follow the proper subordination of ideas, which means that one idea must be dependent on another idea.
• Pre-reading


  Guessing what the text is all about based on prior knowledge
• Prewriting


  Generating ideas based on prior knowledge or brainstorming and outlining
• The connection of pre-reading and prewriting


  The reader and writer utilize their prior knowledge to relate and generate ideas
• Reading


  Trying to comprehend the writer's idea through context clues
• Drafting


  • Focusing on how ideas will be written in paragraphs
  • Writing based on the writer's purpose and audience needs
• The connection of reading and drafting


  The writer and reader communicate through encoding and decoding of meaning, respectively
• Responding


  • Drawing conclusions from the ideas presented in the text
  • Reacting to the writer's idea through writing
• Revising


  • Reviewing the text and adding more or deleting some information
  • Checking validity and organization of ideas through reading
• The connection between responding and revising


  The reader writes, and the writer reads in order to analyze the worth of ideas in the text based on the writer's purpose
• Exploring


  • Noticing how the writer was able to achieve his or her purpose
  • Looking at the writing style and analyzing its effectiveness
• Editing


  Looking for errors in word choice, grammar, and mechanics that may affect the effectiveness of expressing the ideas or key message
• The connection between exploring and editing

  The reader writes, and the writer reads in order to examine if the chosen words, sentence, and paragraph structure help achieve the writer's purpose
• Applying


  Transferring or integrating the learnings from a read text to other situations
• Publishing


  Sharing useful ideas or the text at large to the readers
• The connection between applying and publishing


  The writer shares ideas or takeaways that the reader may learn from and apply to other situations in which they will be useful